Neuroendocrine Control of the Ovarian Cycle of the Rat

Elsevier eBooks, Год журнала: 2006, Номер unknown, С. 2327 - 2388

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2006

Язык: Английский

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Clinical implications of enteric and central D₂ receptor blockade by antidopaminergic gastrointestinal prokinetics

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2004, Номер 19(4), С. 379 - 390

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2004

Summary Antidopaminergic gastrointestinal prokinetics (bromopride, clebopride, domperidone, levosulpiride and metoclopramide) have been exploited clinically for the management of motor disorders upper tract, including functional dyspepsia, gastric stasis various origins emesis. The prokinetic effect these drugs is mediated through blockade enteric (neuronal muscular) inhibitory D 2 receptors. pharmacological profiles marketed compounds differ in terms their molecular structure, affinity at receptors, ability to interact with other receptor systems [5‐hydroxytryptamine‐3 (5‐HT 3 ) 5‐HT 4 receptors metoclopramide; levosulpiride) permeate blood–brain barrier (compared compounds, domperidone does not easily cross barrier). It has suggested that serotonergic component some antidopaminergic may enhance therapeutic efficacy disorders, such as dyspepsia diabetic gastroparesis. antagonism central lead both (e.g. anti‐emetic due area postrema) adverse (including hyperprolactinaemia extrapyramidal dystonic reactions) effects. As pituitary (as well outside barrier, a side‐effect occurring all prokinetics, although different extents. Extrapyramidal reactions are most commonly observed crossing differences amongst agents. Prokinetics high dissociation constant compared dopamine (i.e. bind loosely nigrostriatal pathway) elicit fewer signs symptoms. A knowledge peripheral pharmacology can help clinician choose between obtain more favourable risk/benefit ratio.

Язык: Английский

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Highly Sensitive and Selective Dopamine Biosensor Fabricated with Silanized Graphene

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Год журнала: 2010, Номер 114(35), С. 14915 - 14921

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2010

A new type of chemically modified graphene, EDTA-modified reduced graphene (EDTA-RG), was synthesized by silanization with N-(trimethoxysilylpropyl) ethylenediamine triacetic acid (EDTA-silane). It found that the presence EDTA on surface enables formation a very stable suspension EDTA-RG in Nafion/ethanol solution. When deposited onto glass carbon electrode surface, stable, uniform thin film EDTA-RG−Nafion composite successfully obtained. The electrochemical behavior this electrode, catalysis, ionic selectivity, and biocompatibility, have been investigated using variety techniques. ion selectivity negatively charged probe [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−, positively probe, Ru(bpy)32+, two biomolecules, dopamine ascorbic acid. exhibits high selectivity. Performances EDTA−graphene−Nafion electrodes toward were then evaluated. chemical modification process introduces carboxylic groups edges these functional groups, combined Nafion, provide an appropriate environment for oxidation dopamine. shows excellent reversibility cyclic voltammetry, which significantly better than observed at bare GC, Nafion−graphene coated electrodes. In addition, through combination sulfuric from Nafion can entirely eliminate interference 1000 times device is ideal candidate detection

Язык: Английский

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Morphological skin colour changes in teleosts

Fish and Fisheries, Год журнала: 2009, Номер 11(2), С. 159 - 193

Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2009

Abstract Morphological skin colour change in fish is often referred to the sole context of background adaptation. It becoming increasingly apparent that it a broad phenomenon elicited by variety factors. To date, no review has attempted integrate different types morphological changes occurring teleosts, their ecological origins and regulatory mechanisms involved, restricting view on subject. First, origin addressed teleosts including chromatophore type distribution, pigment biosynthetic pathways interactions one‐another. Second, are categorized key distinction made between proximate ultimate changes. These defined respectively as phenotype during an established life‐stage response environmental transition two developmental‐stages phenotypically pre‐adapted ancestral ecosystems. Nutrition UV‐light primary factors beyond control organism. By contrast, light conditions social secondary acting through Highly diversified among presented term alterations structure deposition metamorphosis species. Finally, physiological endocrine regulating both reviewed.

Язык: Английский

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Ion Channels and Signaling in the Pituitary Gland

Endocrine Reviews, Год журнала: 2010, Номер 31(6), С. 845 - 915

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2010

Endocrine pituitary cells are neuronlike; they express numerous voltage-gated sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride channels fire action potentials spontaneously, accompanied by a rise in intracellular calcium. In some cells, spontaneous electrical activity is sufficient to drive the calcium concentration above threshold for stimulus-secretion stimulus-transcription coupling. others, function of these maintain responsive state with cytosolic near, but below, level. Some also gap junction channels, which could be used intercellular Ca2+ signaling cells. extracellular ligand-gated ion their activation hypothalamic intrapituitary hormones leads amplification pacemaking facilitation influx hormone release. These G protein-coupled receptors, can stimulate or silence potential-dependent Other members this receptor family activate endoplasmic reticulum, leading cell type-specific modulation activity. This review summarizes recent findings field our current understanding complex relationship between receptors

Язык: Английский

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