Clinical Translation of Extracellular Vesicles

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(28)

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) occur in a variety of bodily fluids and have gained recent attraction as natural materials due to their bioactive surfaces, internal cargo, role intercellular communication. EVs contain various biomolecules, including surface cytoplasmic proteins; nucleic acids that are often representative the originating cells. can transfer content other cells, process is thought be important for several biological processes, immune responses, oncogenesis, angiogenesis. An increased understanding underlying mechanisms EV biogenesis, composition, function has led an exponential increase preclinical clinical assessment biomedical applications, such diagnostics drug delivery. Bacterium-derived vaccines been use decades few EV-based diagnostic assays regulated under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments approved single laboratories. Though, products yet receive widespread approval from national regulatory agencies United States Food Drug Administration (USFDA) European Medicine Agency (EMA), many late-stage trials. This perspective sheds light on unique characteristics EVs, highlighting current trends, emerging challenges future perspectives use.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine: A review over the last decade

Bioactive Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36, С. 126 - 156

Опубликована: Март 2, 2024

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to be secreted by a vast majority of cells. These sEVs, specifically exosomes, induce specific cell-to-cell interactions and can activate signaling pathways in recipient cells through fusion or interaction. nanovesicles possess several desirable properties, making them ideal for regenerative medicine nanomedicine applications. properties include exceptional stability, biocompatibility, wide biodistribution, minimal immunogenicity. However, the practical utilization particularly clinical settings at large scale, is hindered expensive procedures required their isolation, limited circulation lifetime, suboptimal targeting capacity. Despite these challenges, sEVs have demonstrated remarkable ability accommodate various cargoes found extensive applications biomedical sciences. To overcome limitations broaden potential applications, researchers should strive deepen understanding current loading, characterization techniques. Additionally, acquiring fundamental knowledge about origins employing state-of-the-art methodologies expand research scope. This review provides comprehensive overview exosome-based strategies diverse domains, encompassing cancer therapy, immunotherapy, biomarker Furthermore, we emphasize immense exosomes medicine.

Язык: Английский

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Tumor Exosomal ENPP1 Hydrolyzes cGAMP to Inhibit cGAS‐STING Signaling

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(20)

Опубликована: Март 18, 2024

To evade immune surveillance, tumor cells express ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) on the surface of their membrane, which degrades extracellular cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), thereby inhibiting synthase (cGAS) stimulator interferon gene (STING) DNA-sensing pathway. fully understand this stealth mechanism, it is essential to determine whether other forms ENPP1 with hydrolytic cGAMP activity also are present in microenvironment regulate innate Herein, reported that various tumor-derived exosomes carry ENPP1, and can hydrolyze synthetic 2'3'-cGAMP endogenous produced by inhibit cGAS-STING pathway cells. Moreover, exosomal bound LL-37 (an effective transporter 2'3'-cGAMP) STING signaling. Furthermore, high expression observed isolated from human breast lung cancer tissue, inhibited infiltration CD8+ T CD4+ The results elucidate function pathway, furthering understanding crosstalk between system.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging Strategies for Revascularization: Use of Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Artificial Nanovesicles in Critical Limb Ischemia

Bioengineering, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(1), С. 92 - 92

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) poses a substantial and intricate challenge in vascular medicine, necessitating the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to address its multifaceted pathophysiology. Conventional revascularization approaches often fail adequately complexity CLI, identification alternative methodologies. This review explores uncharted territory beyond traditional therapies, focusing on potential two distinct yet interrelated entities: cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) artificial nanovesicles. Cell-derived EVs are small membranous structures naturally released by cells, nanovesicles artificially engineered nanosized vesicles. Both these represent promising avenues for intervention. They act as carriers bioactive cargo, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, that can modulate cellular responses associated with ischemic tissue repair angiogenesis. also assesses evolving landscape CLI through unique perspective The spans spectrum from early preclinical investigations latest translational advancements, providing comprehensive overview current state research this emerging field. These groundbreaking vesicle therapies hold immense revolutionizing treatment paradigms.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular vesicle-mediated interorgan communication in metabolic diseases

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 34(9), С. 571 - 582

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles as mediators of cell-cell communication in ovarian cancer and beyond – A lipids focus

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 73, С. 52 - 68

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are messengers that carry information in the form of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids not only essential for intercellular communication but also play a critical role progression various pathologies, including ovarian cancer. There has been recent substantial research characterising EV cargo, specifically, lipid profile EVs. Lipids involved formation cargo sorting EVs, their release cellular uptake. Numerous lipidomic studies demonstrated enrichment specific classes lipids EVs derived from cancer cells suggesting associated can potentially be employed as minimally invasive biomarkers early diagnosis malignancies, In this review, we aim to provide general overview heterogeneity EV, biogenesis, content, function focussing on

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advances in the Application of Engineered Exosomes from Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine

European Journal of Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 177236 - 177236

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Ultrasensitive Protein Detection Technologies for Extracellular Vesicle Measurements

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(6), С. 100557 - 100557

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscopic, heterogenous, lipid-rich particles that carry a multitude of cargo biomolecules including proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites. Although historically EVs were regarded as cellular debris with no intrinsic value, growing understanding EV biogenesis has led to the realization facilitate intercellular communication sources liquid biomarkers. can be isolated analyzed from wide variety accessible biofluids for biomarker discovery diagnostic applications. There is diversity different biological compartments (e.g., cells tissues), some these present at extremely low concentrations. Consequently, challenge in field find appropriate markers enable selective isolation rare EVs. Many conventional protein detection technologies have limited sensitivity detect abundance biomarkers EVs, limiting their use research. Advances ultrasensitive needed harness potential clinical application. This Perspective highlights current research focusing on technologies, limitations, areas growth future.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative study of size exclusion chromatography for isolation of small extracellular vesicle from cell-conditioned media, plasma, urine, and saliva

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 5

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2023

Introduction: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from all types of cells and involved in the trafficking proteins, metabolites, genetic material cell to cell. According their biogenesis physical properties, EVs often classified as small (including exosomes) or large EVs, oncosomes. A variety methods used for isolated EVs; however, they have several limitations, including vesicle deformation, reduced particle yield, co-isolate protein contaminants. Here we present an optimized fast low-cost methodology isolate (30–150 nm) biological fluids comparing two SEC stationary phases, G200/120 G200/140 columns. Methods: The optimization parameters considered were a) selection phase, b) eluate volume per fraction, c) enriched 30–150 nm EVs-fractions. efficiency separation profile each UF/SEC fraction was evaluated by Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), flow cytometry, total quantification, Western blot. Results: Both columns can predominantly with low contaminants plasma, urine, saliva, HEK293-derived EV collection medium. Column G200/ 40 offers a more homogeneous enrichment between 30 150 than [76.1 ± 4.4% average size 85.9 3.6 (Mode: 72.8 nm)] enrichment, estimated vesicle-to-protein ratio, 1.3 × 10 particles/mg G200/40, obtaining significant compared G200/120. method delivers 0.8 ml EVs-enriched-outcome, taking only min sample. Using 70.5 0.18%, 119.4 6.9 120.3 nm), isolation 4.8 11 protein. urine saliva -EVs samples 147.5 3.4 111.9 2.5 nm, respectively. All exhibit characteristic cup-shaped morphology observed Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Discussion: This study suggests that combination is robust, fast, improved strategy isolating EVs.

Язык: Английский

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Transfer and fates of damaged mitochondria: role in health and disease

FEBS Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 28, 2024

Intercellular communication is pivotal in mediating the transfer of mitochondria from donor to recipient cells. This process orchestrates various biological functions, including tissue repair, cell proliferation, differentiation and cancer invasion. Typically, dysfunctional depolarized are eliminated through intracellular or extracellular pathways. Nevertheless, increasing evidence suggests that intercellular damaged associated with pathogenesis diverse diseases. review investigates prevalent triggers mitochondrial damage underlying mechanisms transfer, elucidates role directional both physiological pathological contexts. Additionally, we propose potential previously unknown explore their prospective roles disease prevention therapy.

Язык: Английский

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