The Lancet Commission on pollution and health

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 391(10119), С. 462 - 512

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2017

Язык: Английский

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EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

Endocrine Reviews, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 36(6), С. E1 - E150

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2015

The Endocrine Society's first Scientific Statement in 2009 provided a wake-up call to the scientific community about how environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affect health and disease. Five years later, substantially larger body of literature has solidified our understanding plausible mechanisms underlying EDC actions exposures animals humans—especially during development—may lay foundations for disease later life. At this point history, we have much stronger knowledge EDCs alter gene-environment interactions via physiological, cellular, molecular, epigenetic changes, thereby producing effects exposed individuals as well their descendants. Causal links between exposure manifestation are substantiated by experimental animal models consistent with correlative epidemiological data humans. There several caveats because differences work is conducted can lead difficulties drawing broad conclusions, must continue be cautious inferring causality In second Statement, reviewed on subset topics which translational evidence strongest: 1) obesity diabetes; 2) female reproduction; 3) male 4) hormone-sensitive cancers females; 5) prostate; 6) thyroid; 7) neurodevelopment neuroendocrine systems. Our inclusion criteria studies were those predominantly past 5 deemed high quality based appropriate negative positive control groups or populations, adequate sample size design, mammalian levels range that was relevant We also focused using developmental origins model. No report excluded effect exposure. bulk results across board strengthen endocrine health-related EDCs. Based more complete principles act, including nonmonotonic dose-responses, low-dose effects, vulnerability, these findings better translated human health. Armed information, researchers, physicians, other healthcare providers guide regulators policymakers they make responsible decisions.

Язык: Английский

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Fertility and infertility: Definition and epidemiology

Clinical Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 62, С. 2 - 10

Опубликована: Март 16, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Metabolism disrupting chemicals and metabolic disorders

Reproductive Toxicology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 68, С. 3 - 33

Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2016

The recent epidemics of metabolic diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes(T2D), liver lipid disorders and syndrome have largely been attributed to genetic background changes in diet, exercise aging. However, there is now considerable evidence that other environmental factors may contribute the rapid increase incidence these diseases. This review will examine T2D non-alcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD), contribution genetics describe role endocrine system disorders. It then specifically focus on disrupting chemicals (EDCs) etiology NAFLD while finally integrating information EDCs multiple could lead syndrome. We linking EDC exposures during critical periods development with diseases manifest later life across generations.

Язык: Английский

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Consensus on the key characteristics of endocrine-disrupting chemicals as a basis for hazard identification

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 16(1), С. 45 - 57

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2019

Abstract Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous that interfere with hormone action, thereby increasing the risk of adverse health outcomes, including cancer, reproductive impairment, cognitive deficits and obesity. A complex literature mechanistic studies provides evidence on hazards EDC exposure, yet there is no widely accepted systematic method to integrate these data help identify hazards. Inspired by work improve hazard identification carcinogens using key characteristics (KCs), we have developed ten KCs EDCs based our knowledge actions effects. In this Expert Consensus Statement, describe logic which identified assays could be used assess several KCs. We reflect how can identify, organize utilize when evaluating as EDCs, use diethylstilbestrol, bisphenol perchlorate examples illustrate approach.

Язык: Английский

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Marine litter plastics and microplastics and their toxic chemicals components: the need for urgent preventive measures

Environmental Sciences Europe, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 30(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2018

Persistent plastics, with an estimated lifetime for degradation of hundreds years in marine conditions, can break up into micro- and nanoplastics over shorter timescales, thus facilitating their uptake by biota throughout the food chain. These polymers may contain chemical additives contaminants, including some known endocrine disruptors that be harmful at extremely low concentrations biota, posing potential risks to ecosystems, biodiversity availability. Although there is still need carry out focused scientific research fill knowledge gaps about impacts plastic litter environment (Wagner et al. Environ Sci Eur 26:9, 2014), chain human health, existing evidence concerns are already sufficient support actions scientific, industry, policy civil society communities curb ongoing flow plastics toxic chemicals they environment. Without immediate strong preventive measures, environmental economic costs set only become worse, even short term. Continued increases production consumption, combined wasteful uses, inefficient waste collection infrastructures insufficient management facilities, especially developing countries, mean achieving established objectives reductions remains a huge challenge, one unlikely met without fundamental rethink ways which we consume plastics. This document was prepared working group Regional Centres Stockholm Basel Conventions related colleagues intended background discussion 2017 Conference Parties (COP) Convention on hazardous wastes persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The COP finally approved issue could dealt its consistently report activities matter next COP's meetings.

Язык: Английский

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Executive Summary to EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

Endocrine Reviews, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 36(6), С. 593 - 602

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2015

This Executive Summary to the Endocrine Society's second Scientific Statement on environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) provides a synthesis of key points complete statement. The full represents comprehensive review literature seven topics for which there is strong mechanistic, experimental, animal, and epidemiological evidence endocrine disruption, namely: obesity diabetes, female reproduction, male hormone-sensitive cancers in females, prostate cancer, thyroid, neurodevelopment neuroendocrine systems. EDCs such as bisphenol A, phthalates, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diethyl ethers, dioxins were emphasized because these had greatest depth breadth available information. also included thorough coverage studies developmental exposures EDCs, especially fetus infant, are critical life stages during perturbations hormones can increase probability disease or dysfunction later life. A conclusion that publications over past 5 years have led much fuller understanding principles by act, including nonmonotonic dose-responses, low-dose effects, vulnerability. These findings will prove useful researchers, physicians, other healthcare providers translating science disruption improved public health.

Язык: Английский

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Obesity Pathogenesis: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Endocrine Reviews, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 38(4), С. 267 - 296

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2017

Obesity is among the most common and costly chronic disorders worldwide. Estimates suggest that in United States obesity affects one-third of adults, accounts for up to total mortality, concentrated lower income groups, increasingly children as well adults. A lack effective options long-term weight reduction magnifies enormity this problem; individuals who successfully complete behavioral dietary weight-loss programs eventually regain lost weight. We included evidence from basic science, clinical, epidemiological literature assess current knowledge regarding mechanisms underlying excess body-fat accumulation, biological defense fat mass, tendency be regained. major area emphasis science energy homeostasis, process maintains stability by actively matching intake expenditure over time. Growing suggests a disorder homeostasis system, rather than simply arising passive accumulation need elucidate "upward setting" or "resetting" defended level whether inherited acquired. The ongoing study how genetic, developmental, environmental forces affect system will help us better understand these are therefore focus statement. scientific goal pathogenesis so inform treatment, public policy, advocacy, awareness ways ultimately diminish its health economic consequences.

Язык: Английский

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Human Health and Ocean Pollution

Annals of Global Health, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 86(1), С. 151 - 151

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2020

Background: Pollution – unwanted waste released to air, water, and land by human activity is the largest environmental cause of disease in world today. It responsible for an estimated nine million premature deaths per year, enormous economic losses, erosion capital, degradation ecosystems. Ocean pollution important, but insufficiently recognized inadequately controlled component global pollution. poses serious threats health well-being. The nature magnitude these impacts are only beginning be understood. Goals: (1) Broadly examine known potential ocean on health. (2) Inform policy makers, government leaders, international organizations, civil society, public threats. (3) Propose priorities interventions control prevent seas safeguard Methods: Topic-focused reviews that effects health, identify gaps knowledge, project future trends, offer evidence-based guidance effective intervention. Environmental Findings: oceans widespread, worsening, most countries poorly controlled. a complex mixture toxic metals, plastics, manufactured chemicals, petroleum, urban industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers, pharmaceutical agricultural runoff, sewage. More than 80% arises from land-based sources. reaches through rivers, atmospheric deposition direct discharges. often heaviest near coasts highly concentrated along low- middle-income countries. Plastic rapidly increasing visible pollution, 10 metric tons plastic enter each year. Mercury metal pollutant greatest concern oceans; it two main sources coal combustion small-scale gold mining. Global spread industrialized agriculture with use chemical fertilizer leads extension Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) previously unaffected regions. Chemical pollutants ubiquitous contaminate marine organisms high Arctic abyssal depths. Ecosystem has multiple negative ecosystems, exacerbated climate change. Petroleum-based reduce photosynthesis microorganisms generate oxygen. Increasing absorption carbon dioxide into causes acidification, which destroys coral reefs, impairs shellfish development, dissolves calcium-containing at base food web, increases toxicity some pollutants. threatens mammals, fish, seabirds accumulates large mid-ocean gyres. breaks down microplastic nanoplastic particles containing chemicals can tissues organisms, including species consumed humans. Industrial releases, sewage increase frequency severity HABs, bacterial anti-microbial resistance. sea surface warming triggering poleward migration dangerous pathogens such as Vibrio species. discharges, contribute declines fish stocks. Human Health Methylmercury PCBs whose best Exposures infants in utero maternal consumption contaminated seafood damage developing brains, IQ children's risks autism, ADHD learning disorders. Adult exposures methylmercury cardiovascular dementia. Manufactured phthalates, bisphenol A, flame retardants, perfluorinated many them disrupt endocrine signaling, male fertility, nervous system, risk cancer. HABs produce potent toxins accumulate shellfish. When ingested, severe neurological impairment rapid death. HAB also become airborne respiratory disease. Pathogenic bacteria gastrointestinal diseases deep wound infections. With change infections, cholera, will extend new areas. All fall disproportionately vulnerable populations South injustice planetary scale. Conclusions: problem. crosses national boundaries. consequence reckless, shortsighted, unsustainable exploitation earth's resources. endangers impedes production Its great growing, still incompletely costs counted. prevented. Like all forms deploying data-driven strategies based law, policy, technology, enforcement target priority Many have used tools air water now applying Successes achieved date demonstrate broader feasible. Heavily polluted harbors been cleaned, estuaries rejuvenated, reefs restored. Prevention creates benefits. boosts economies, tourism, helps restore fisheries, improves advances Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). These benefits last centuries. Recommendations: World leaders who recognize gravity acknowledge its growing dangers, engage society public, take bold, action stop source critical preventing safeguarding key. Eliminating banning uses mercury Bans single-use better management persistent organic (POPs) reduced DDT. Control treatment sewage, applications fertilizers mitigated coastal reducing HABs. National, regional programs adequately funded backed strong shown effective. Robust monitoring essential track progress. Further hold promise include wide-scale transition renewable fuels; circular economy little focuses equity rather endless growth; embracing principles green chemistry; building scientific capacity Designation Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) protect stocks, enhance Creation MPAs important manifestation commitment protecting seas.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

566

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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: implications for human health

Linda G. Kahn, Claire Philippat, Shoji F. Nakayama

и другие.

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(8), С. 703 - 718

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2020

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

560

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