bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 28, 2023
Summary
Large-scale
cell
flow
characterizes
gastrulation
in
animal
development.
In
amniote
gastrulation,
particularly
avian
gastrula,
a
bilateral
vortex-like
counter-rotating
flow,
called
‘polonaise
movements’,
appears
along
the
midline.
Here,
through
experimental
manipulations,
we
addressed
relationships
between
polonaise
movements
and
morphogenesis
of
primitive
streak,
earliest
midline
structure
amniotes.
Suppression
Wnt/planar
polarity
(PCP)
signaling
pathway
maintains
deformed
streak.
Mitotic
arrest
leads
to
diminished
extension
development
streak
early
phase
movements.
Ectopically
induced
Vg1,
an
axis-inducing
morphogen,
generates
movements,
aligned
midline,
but
disturbs
stereotypical
pattern
at
authentic
Despite
altered
induction
are
preserved
both
midlines.
Finally,
show
that
ectopic
is
capable
initiating
without
concomitant
PS
under
mitotic
conditions.
These
results
consistent
with
model
wherein
required
for
maintenance
not
necessarily
responsible
morphogenesis.
Our
data
describe
previously
undefined
relationship
large-scale
gastrulation.
Nature,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
634(8035), С. 919 - 928
Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2024
The
prevailing
dogma
for
morphological
patterning
in
developing
organisms
argues
that
the
combined
inputs
of
transcription
factor
networks
and
signalling
morphogens
alone
generate
spatially
temporally
distinct
expression
patterns.
However,
metabolism
has
also
emerged
as
a
critical
developmental
regulator
Cell,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
187(14), С. 3461 - 3495
Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2024
Developmental
biology-the
study
of
the
processes
by
which
cells,
tissues,
and
organisms
develop
change
over
time-has
entered
a
new
golden
age.
After
molecular
genetics
revolution
in
80s
90s
diversification
field
early
21st
century,
we
have
phase
when
powerful
technologies
provide
approaches
open
unexplored
avenues.
Progress
has
been
accelerated
advances
genomics,
imaging,
engineering,
computational
biology
emerging
model
systems
ranging
from
tardigrades
to
organoids.
We
summarize
how
revolutionary
led
remarkable
progress
understanding
animal
development.
describe
classic
questions
gene
regulation,
pattern
formation,
morphogenesis,
organogenesis,
stem
cell
are
being
revisited.
discuss
connections
development
with
evolution,
self-organization,
metabolism,
time,
ecology.
speculate
developmental
might
evolve
an
era
synthetic
biology,
artificial
intelligence,
human
engineering.
During
vertebrate
gastrulation,
an
embryo
transforms
from
a
layer
of
epithelial
cells
into
multilayered
gastrula.
This
process
requires
the
coordinated
movements
hundreds
to
tens
thousands
cells,
depending
on
organism.
In
chick
embryo,
patterns
actomyosin
cables
spanning
several
drive
tissue
flows.
Here,
we
derive
minimal
theoretical
framework
that
couples
activity
global
Our
model
predicts
onset
and
development
gastrulation
flows
in
normal
experimentally
perturbed
embryos,
mimicking
different
modes
as
active
stress
instability.
Varying
initial
conditions
parameter
associated
with
cell
ingression,
our
recapitulates
distinct
morphologies,
consistent
recently
published
experiments
embryo.
Altogether,
results
show
how
changes
patterning
critical
behaviors
force-generating
mechanisms
contribute
via
self-organizing
mechanochemical
process.
Journal of Elasticity,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
157(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
Abstract
Tissue
homeostasis,
the
biological
process
of
maintaining
a
steady
state
in
tissue
via
control
cell
proliferation
and
death,
is
essential
for
development,
growth,
maintenance,
proper
function
living
organisms.
Disruptions
to
this
can
lead
serious
diseases
even
death.
In
study,
we
use
vertex
model
cell-level
description
mechanics
investigate
impact
environment
local
mechanical
properties
cells
on
homeostasis
confined
epithelial
tissues.
We
find
dynamic
state,
where
balance
between
divisions
removals
sustains
characterise
homeostatic
terms
count,
area,
pressure,
cells’
neighbour
count
distribution.
This
work,
therefore,
sheds
light
mechanisms
underlying
highlights
importance
its
control.
ABSTRACT
Epithelial-mesenchymal
transition
(EMT)
and
its
reverse
mechanism,
mesenchymal-epithelial
(MET),
are
evolutionarily
conserved
mechanisms
initially
identified
in
studies
of
early
metazoan
development.
EMT
may
even
have
been
established
choanoflagellates,
the
closest
unicellular
relative
Metazoa.
These
crucial
morphological
transitions
operate
during
body
plan
formation
subsequently
organogenesis.
findings
prompted
an
increasing
number
investigators
biomedicine
to
assess
importance
such
that
drive
epithelial
cell
plasticity
multiple
diseases
associated
with
congenital
disabilities
fibrosis,
and,
most
importantly,
progression
carcinoma.
MET
also
play
roles
regenerative
medicine,
notably
by
contributing
epigenetic
changes
somatic
cells
initiate
reprogramming
into
stem
their
subsequent
differentiation
distinct
lineages.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 8, 2024
Abstract
Avian
gastrulation
requires
coordinated
flows
of
thousands
cells
to
form
the
body
plan.
We
quantified
these
using
their
fundamental
kinematic
units:
one
attractor
and
two
repellers
constituting
its
Dynamic
Morphoskeleton
(DM).
have
also
elucidated
mechanistic
origin
attractor,
marking
primitive
streak
(PS),
controlled
shape,
inducing
in
chick
embryo
that
are
typical
other
vertebrates.
However,
origins
dynamic
shape
remain
unclear.
Here,
we
address
questions
active
matter
physics
experiments.
Repeller
1,
separating
proper
(EP)
from
extraembryonic
(EE)
tissues,
arises
tug-of-war
between
EE
epiboly
EP
isotropic
myosin-induced
stress.
2,
bisecting
anterior
posterior
PS
associated
with
change,
anisotropic
intercalation
mesendoderm.
Combining
mechanical
confinement
inhibition
mesendoderm
induction,
eliminated
either
or
both
repellers,
as
predicted
by
our
model.
Our
results
reveal
a
remarkable
modularity
avian
delineated
DM,
uncovering
roles
epiboly,
constriction,
ingression.
These
findings
offer
new
perspective
for
deconstructing
morphogenetic
flows,
modular
origin,
aiding
synthetic
morphogenesis.
ABSTRACT
Extra-embryonic
tissues
provide
protection
and
nutrition
in
vertebrates,
as
well
a
connection
to
the
maternal
mammals.
The
extra-embryonic
mesoderm
is
an
essential
understudied
germ
layer
present
amniotes.
It
involved
hematopoiesis,
formation
of
structures
such
amnion,
umbilical
cord
placenta.
origin
specification
are
not
entirely
conserved
across
species,
molecular
mechanisms
governing
its
function
fully
understood.
This
Review
begins
with
overview
embryonic
vertebrates
from
vivo
studies.
We
then
compare
vitro
models
that
generate
mesoderm-like
cells.
Finally,
we
discuss
how
insights
studying
both
embryos
systems
can
aid
designing
even
more
advanced
stem
cell-based
embryo
models.
Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
172, С. 103620 - 103620
Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2025
Developmental
biology
has
long
drawn
on
dynamical
systems
to
understand
the
diverging
fates
and
emerging
form
of
developing
embryo.
Cell
differentiation
morphogenesis
unfold
in
high-dimensional
gene-expression
spaces
position
spaces.
Yet,
their
stable
reproducible
outcomes
suggest
low-dimensional
geometric
structures-e.g.,
fixed
points,
manifolds,
dynamic
attracting
repelling
structures-that
organize
cell
trajectories
both
This
review
surveys
history
recent
advances
frameworks
for
development.
We
focus
techniques
extracting
organizing
structures
fate
decisions
morphogenetic
movements
from
experiments,
as
well
interconnections.
unifying,
perspective
aids
rationalizing
increasingly
complex
experimental
datasets,
facilitating
principled
dimensionality
reduction
an
integrated
understanding
development,
bridging
typically
distinct
domains.
