Much
of
the
striking
diversity
life
on
Earth
has
arisen
from
variations
in
way
that
same
molecules
and
networks
operate
during
development
to
shape
pattern
tissues
organs
into
different
morphologies.
However,
we
still
understand
very
little
about
potential
for
diversification
exhibited
by
different,
highly
conserved
mechanisms
evolution,
or,
conversely,
constraints
they
place
evolution.
With
aim
steering
field
new
directions,
focus
morphogen-mediated
patterning
growth
as
a
case
study
demonstrate
how
developmental
can
adapt
evolution
drive
morphological
optimise
functionality,
illustrate
algorithms
computational
tools
be
used
alongside
experiments
provide
insights
these
evolve.
We
first
introduce
key
properties
morphogen-driven
mechanisms,
before
summarising
comparative
studies
exemplify
changes
spatiotemporal
expression
signalling
levels
morphogens
impact
organ
size,
nature.
Finally,
detail
theoretical
frameworks
conjunction
with
probe
role
conclude
is
an
excellent
model
system
offers
generally
applicable
framework
investigate
mechanisms.
The
success
of
butterflies
and
moths
is
tightly
linked
to
the
origin
scales
within
group.
A
long-standing
hypothesis
postulates
that
are
homologous
well-described
mechanosensory
bristles
found
in
fruit
fly
Drosophila
melanogaster,
as
both
derive
from
an
epithelial
precursor.
Previous
histological
candidate
gene
approaches
identified
parallels
genes
involved
scale
bristle
development.
Here,
we
provide
developmental
transcriptomic
evidence
differentiation
lepidopteran
derives
sensory
organ
precursor
(SOP).
Live
imaging
pupae
shows
SOP
cells
undergo
two
asymmetric
divisions
first
abrogate
neurogenic
lineage,
then
lead
a
differentiated
its
associated
socket
cell.
Single-nucleus
RNA
sequencing
using
early
pupal
wings
revealed
differential
expression
patterns
mirror
development,
suggesting
shared
program.
Additionally,
recovered
newly
gene,
transcription
factor
pdm3,
proper
butterfly
wing
scales.
Altogether,
these
data
open
up
avenues
for
understanding
type
specification
illustrate
how
single-cell
transcriptomics
powerful
platform
evolution
cell
types.
Wnt
signaling
members
are
involved
in
the
differentiation
of
cells
associated
with
eyespot
and
band
color
patterns
on
wings
butterflies,
but
identity
spatio-temporal
regulation
specific
pathway
remains
unclear.
Here,
we
explore
localization
function
Armadillo/β-catenin
dependent
(canonical)
independent
(noncanonical)
development
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024
Abstract
Evolutionary
variation
in
the
wing
pigmentation
of
butterflies
and
moths
offers
striking
examples
adaptation
by
crypsis
mimicry.
The
cortex
locus
has
been
independently
mapped
as
controlling
colour
polymorphisms
14
lepidopteran
species,
suggesting
it
acts
a
genomic
hotspot
for
diversification
patterns,
but
functional
validation
through
protein-coding
knockouts
proven
difficult
to
obtain.
Our
study
unveils
role
novel
long
non-coding
RNA
(lncRNA)
which
we
name
ivory
,
transcribed
from
locus,
modulating
patterning
butterflies.
Strikingly,
expression
prefigures
most
melanic
patterns
during
pupal
development,
an
early
developmental
specifying
scale
identity.
To
test
this,
generated
CRISPR
mosaic
knock-outs
five
nymphalid
butterfly
species
show
that
mutagenesis
yields
transformations
dark
pigmented
scales
into
white
or
light-coloured
scales.
Genotyping
Vanessa
cardui
germline
mutants
associates
these
phenotypes
small
on-target
deletions
at
conserved
first
exon
.
In
contrast,
mutant
with
confirmed
null
alleles
lack
any
phenotype,
exclude
this
adjacent
gene.
Overall,
results
lncRNA
master
switch
pattern
specification,
played
key
roles
adaptive
Significance
statement
Deciphering
genetic
underpinnings
is
fundamental
comprehensive
understanding
evolutionary
processes.
Long
RNAs
(lncRNAs)
represent
emerging
category
modulators
within
genome,
yet
they
have
overlooked
source
phenotypic
diversity.
study,
unveil
pivotal
orchestrating
transitions
between
light
development.
Remarkably,
gene
nested
region
known
control
multiple
cases
moths,
including
iconic
natural
selection.
These
findings
highlight
significant
influence
lncRNAs
regulation,
also
underscore
their
potential
players
process
itself.
Insects,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(7), С. 535 - 535
Опубликована: Июль 16, 2024
Eyespot
foci
on
butterfly
wings
function
as
organizers
of
eyespot
color
patterns
during
development.
Despite
their
importance,
focal
structures
have
not
been
examined
in
detail.
Here,
we
microscopically
scales,
sockets,
and
the
wing
membrane
both
expanded
unexpanded
using
Blue
Pansy
Cells,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(17), С. 1476 - 1476
Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2024
One
of
the
important
genes
for
eyespot
development
in
butterfly
wings
is
Distal-less.
Its
function
has
been
evaluated
via
several
methods,
including
CRISPR/Cas9
genome
editing.
However,
functional
inhibition
may
be
performed
at
right
time
place
using
a
different
method.
Here,
we
used
novel
protein
delivery
method
pupal
wing
tissues
vivo
to
inactivate
target
protein,
Distal-less,
with
polyclonal
anti-Distal-less
antibody
blue
pansy
Junonia
orithya.
We
first
demonstrated
that
various
antibodies
were
delivered
epithelial
cells
this
species.
Treatment
reduced
size,
confirming
positive
role
Distal-less
development.
The
treatment
eliminated
or
deformed
parafocal
element,
suggesting
element.
This
result
also
suggested
integrity
an
and
its
corresponding
element
as
border
symmetry
system.
Taken
together,
these
findings
demonstrate
antibody-mediated
knockdown
useful
tool
assays
proteins,
such
expressed
tissues,
functions
eyespots
elements
color
pattern
Insects,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(2), С. 124 - 124
Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025
Insects
can
repair
wounds
and
regenerate
body
parts
in
response
to
physical
damage.
Wound
healing
butterfly
pupal
wing
tissues
is
developmentally
interesting
because
ectopic
color
patterns
develop
during
healing,
suggesting
that
normal
damage-induced
may
use
similar
mechanisms.
Here
we
physiologically
investigated
wound
pattern
formation
using
the
blue
pansy
Junonia
orithya.
In
puncture
damage,
various
are
formed
around
damage
site.
After
wounding
operation,
observed
hemocytes
migrating
over
long
distances
along
veins
(lacunae)
toward
site,
where
epidermal
cells
cellular
clusters.
Calcium
oscillations
were
at
near
transiently
affected
by
ruthenium
red,
an
inhibitor
of
calcium
transporters
channels,
red
caused
abnormalities
scales
adult
wings.
These
results
suggest
cell
migration,
cluster
formation,
play
important
roles
scale
development
Ectopic
local
as
a
consequence
evolutionary
co-option
process
for
development.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024
Abstract
The
success
of
butterflies
and
moths
is
tightly
linked
to
the
origin
scales
within
group.
A
long-standing
hypothesis
postulates
that
are
homologous
well-described
mechanosensory
bristles
found
in
fruit
fly
Drosophila
melanogaster
,
where
both
derive
from
an
epithelial
precursor
specified
by
lateral
inhibition
then
undergoes
multiple
rounds
division.
Previous
histological
examination
candidate
gene
approaches
identified
parallels
genes
involved
scale
bristle
development.
Here,
we
provide
definitive
developmental
transcriptomic
evidence
differentiation
lepidopteran
derives
canonical
cell
lineage,
known
as
Sensory
Organ
Precursor
(SOP).
Live
imaging
moth
butterfly
pupae
shows
SOP
cells
undergo
two
asymmetric
divisions
first
abrogate
neurogenic
lead
a
differentiated
its
associated
socket
cell.
Single-nucleus
RNA
sequencing
across
time-series
early
pupal
development
revealed
differential
expression
patterns
mirror
lineage
development,
including
Notch-Delta
signalling
components,
adhesion
molecules,
cycling
factors,
terminal
markers,
suggesting
shared
program.
Additionally,
recovered
novel
gene,
POU-domain
transcription
factor
pdm3
proper
wing
scales.
Altogether,
these
data
open
up
avenues
for
understanding
type
specification
illustrate
how
single-cell
transcriptomics
powerful
platform
evolution
types.
