At least two functions for BdMUTE during the development of stomatal complexes in Brachypodium distachyon

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2025

Fundamental to multicellular organisms is the capacity produce different cell types with specialized attributes. Understanding way cells acquire their fates a major and exciting challenge in developmental biology. Grasses develop unique stomatal structure consisting of two dumbbell-shaped guard (GCs) flanked by lateral subsidiary (SCs) (Stebbins & Shah, 1960; Rudall et al., 2017; Hepworth 2018; Nunes 2020). Due its simplicity accessibility, because they are part epidermal tissue, current possibilities isolate molecular markers genetically manipulate development, this four-celled complex an excellent model system delve into genetic control fate determination differentiation. In grasses, among them Brachypodium (Brachypodium distachyon), complexes stomatal-forming files, from base tip leaves, through invariant pattern divisions Serna, 2011; 2020; Fig. 1a). The first division produces mother (GMC). Before GMC takes place, ontogenetically unrelated files on either side newly formed (SMC) identity. SMCs divide producing small flanking that differentiate as SCs. then divides, like plane being parallel main axis leaf growth, it yields paired GCs. This which place during development Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; Serna Fenoll, 2000; Bergmann Sack, 2007; 1b). Arabidopsis, where not organized rows, stomata formation commences proceeds basipetally (Peterson 2010; Vatén Bergmann, 2012). initiates lineage meristemoid (M). These Ms usually undergo additional self-renewing asymmetric divisions, inward spiral, until assume Then GMCs give rise pair kidney-shaped Cells direct contact GCs ontogenically related them, can pavement cells, or secondary Ms. Although functions regulatory relationships even within grasses (McKown 2023), one key factors regulates basic helix–loop–helix transcriptional factor MUTE. primary role these factors, laterally move GMC, genes expressed, neighbouring promoting SC recruitment (Raissig Wang 2019). Consistently, bdmute mutant lacks SCs 2017). has also impaired GC morphogenesis most developing functional incompletely differentiated GCs, some failing specify orientation and/or undergoing excessive domesticated maize (Zea mays) rice (Oryza sativa), mute mutants (bzu2/zmmute osmute) fail recruit and, contrast bdmute, completely abort (Wang 2019; Wu grass MUTE proteins, protein does between cells. AtMUTE expression localization encoded gene restricted (MacAlister Pillitteri plays crucial for transition M 2007) well (Han 2018). According assigned AtMUTE, atmute exhibits arrested after having undergone excess 2007), overexpressing converts all 2007). Therefore, acquired at least new driving SCs, associated mobility. despite fate, occurs before division, possible regulating was still unclear. Here, I discuss recent evidence how BdMUTE underline importance mobility (Spiegelhalder 2024). BdMUTE, moves Similarly, both OsMUTE ZmMUTE induce OsMUTE, more probably ZmMUTE, 2019), no effect surround stomata. But what nature function recruitment? Is indeed required BdMUTE-mediated Or alternatively, independently mobility? analysis several lines expressing levels BdMUTEp:3×GFP-BdMUTE construct, but reduced due 3×GFP tag, background sheds light questions. While strongest 3×GFP-BdMUTE line almost fully rescued those lower showed gradual decrease potential rescue It likely weakly lines, many adjacent below capable inducing recruitment. Supporting view, exhibited temporal delay relative YFP-BdMUTE Taken together, strongly suggests recruitment, which, addition, dosage-dependent manner. Unexpectedly, BdFAMA, whose overlap wild-type (WT) plants when expressed under own promoter, partially compensates lack arising diagonal 2023). But, considering depends 2024), could unable One possibility BdFAMA activate unknown moving would SMC fate. However, bdmute; BdFAMAp:YFP-BdFAMA were properly orientate movement transcription be necessary correctly polarize SMC. results support model, attributes compensatory induction absence later polarizing ability depend activation Given requires permanence produced. specific promoter YFP illuminates precursors construct have same thing happens AtMUTEp:YFP-ZmMUTE inability plant species. Like Brachypodium, AtFAMA highlighting overlapping stated previously, guides assumed rest protodermal destined directly generate 2016; regulate GCs? phenotype c. 25% aborting 2017), that, perhaps redundantly other case. given devoid 2020), observed defects simply consequence Interestingly, weakest production (c. 2% aborted fate) failed telling us this, although highest exhibiting 98% mature WT plants, considerable number GMCs, time had delayed Furthermore, abortion correlated Consistent phenotype, seem orienting mutant, bzu2/zmmute osmute copy aborts phenocopying indicates allowing mutant. represses early activity, targeting cleavage require activity null FAMA rice, lacking, MUTE-dependent explain complete mutants. (Pillitteri Lee 2014; Han 2018), adequate progression reciprocal regulation repressing bzu2/zmmute, ZmFAMA significantly osmute, shows very low OsFAMA (Wu positively grasses. there species, proper development. morphogenesis, shorter less pronounced dumbbell shape than Spiegelhalder makes question whether undifferentiated or, conversely, To answer question, al. (2024) analysed background, develops similar recruiting zero, therefore degree mobility, turn level correlates differentiation so signs maturity only SC. without behind phenotypes? fact bdfama, immature, presence enough trigger morphogenesis. 8% lsc-1 complexes, noticeably affect points direction (Cui guides, manner, different, showing greater compared nonflanked may suggest addition autonomous thus towards SMCs, influences process. Finally, rescued, morphology As established previously (see, example, Zhang 2022; Durney 2023; Liu confirms effective consequently, gas exchange. described here highlight important findings exerted They 2024): need MUTE-mediated recruitment; show drives transitions manner adding complexity mechanism questioning acts Future challenges include revealing understanding underlying radial BdMUTE. phenotypic differences domestic mechanisms differ A systematic will contribute improvements crops. work supported Castilla-La Mancha University. None declared. New Phytologist Foundation remains neutral regard jurisdictional claims maps any institutional affiliations.

Язык: Английский

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Decoding the evolution of dumbbell stomata: Insights from the developmental genes of sedges and grasses

Plant Gene, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 42, С. 100494 - 100494

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Stomatal development in the changing climate

Development, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 151(20)

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2024

ABSTRACT Stomata, microscopic pores flanked by symmetrical guard cells, are vital regulators of gas exchange that link plant processes with environmental dynamics. The formation stomata involves the multi-step progression a specialized cell lineage. Remarkably, this process is heavily influenced factors, allowing plants to adjust stomatal production local conditions. With global warming set alter our climate at an unprecedented pace, understanding how factors impact development and fitness becoming increasingly important. In Review, we focus on effects carbon dioxide, high temperature drought – three tightly linked development. We summarize response variety species highlight existence species-specific adaptations. Using model Arabidopsis, also provide update molecular mechanisms involved in mediating plasticity Finally, explore knowledge being applied generate crop varieties optimized traits enhance their resilience against change maintain agricultural productivity.

Язык: Английский

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MUTE drives asymmetric divisions to form stomatal subsidiary cells in Crassulaceae succulents

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2024

Abstract Amongst the evolutionary innovations of many succulents is a photosynthetic lifestyle, where stomatal gas exchange decoupled from light-dependent carbon fixation. Stomatal complexes in emerging succulent model Kalanchoë laxiflora consist two guard cells surrounded by three anisocytic subsidiary (SCs). Here, we show that these SCs shuttle ions and thus likely support movements. Furthermore, gene editing, reporter lines protein overexpression implicate transcription factor MUTE facilitating additional rounds asymmetric divisions form succulents. This opposite to role Arabidopsis thaliana , it stops rather than induces divisions, but reminiscent MUTE’s SC-related function grasses. Together, our work deciphers an intricate genetic mechanism generates innovative morphology Crassulaceae

Язык: Английский

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Promoting developmental diversity in a changing world

Development, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 151(20)

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

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