Nuclear pores dilate and constrict in cellulo

Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 374(6573)

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2021

In eukaryotic cells, nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) fuse the inner and outer membranes mediate nucleocytoplasmic exchange. They are made of 30 different nucleoporins form a cylindrical architecture around an aqueous central channel. This is highly dynamic in space time. Variations NPC diameter have been reported, but physiological circumstances molecular details remain unknown. Here, we combined cryo–electron tomography with integrative structural modeling to capture movie respective large-scale conformational changes cellulo. Although NPCs exponentially growing cells adopted dilated conformation, they reversibly constricted upon cellular energy depletion or conditions hypertonic osmotic stress. Our data point model where envelope membrane tension linked conformation NPC.

Язык: Английский

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The wtf meiotic driver gene family has unexpectedly persisted for over 100 million years

eLife, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2022

Meiotic drivers are selfish elements that bias their own transmission into more than half of the viable progeny produced by a driver+/driver− heterozygote. thought to exist for relatively short evolutionary timespans because driver gene or family is often found in single species group very closely related species. Additionally, generally considered doomed extinction when they spread fixation suppressors arise. In this study, we examine history wtf meiotic first discovered fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe . We identify homologous genes three other species, S. octosporus , osmophilus and cryophilus which estimated have diverged over 100 million years ago from lineage. Synteny evidence supports were present common ancestor these four Moreover, ancestral likely as cause drive. Our findings indicate drive systems can be maintained long timespans.

Язык: Английский

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Live-cell imaging defines a threshold in CDK activity at the G2/M transition

Developmental Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 59(4), С. 545 - 557.e4

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the frontier of plant phase separation: Current insights and future prospects

New Crops, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 1, С. 100026 - 100026

Опубликована: Май 16, 2024

In the rapidly evolving field of biology, phase separation has recently emerged as a revolutionary perspective, shedding new light on our comprehension cellular processes. This review provides comprehensive overview current knowledge regarding in plants and charts promising avenues for future exploration. We delve into fundamental principles plant separation, highlighting roles played by intrinsically disordered regions prion-like domains. Summarizing significant advancements, we explore involvement responses to environmental cues, well its growth developmental processes, plant-microbe interactions. Additionally, present streamlined workflow designed guide scientific community conducting studies plants. Lastly, delineate lingering questions propose potential applications agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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Sterol biosensor reveals LAM-family Ltc1-dependent sterol flow to endosomes upon Arp2/3 inhibition

The Journal of Cell Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 219(6)

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2020

Sterols are crucial components of biological membranes, which synthetized in the ER and accumulate plasma membrane (PM). Here, by applying a genetically encoded sterol biosensor (D4H), we visualize flow between PM endosomes fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Using time-lapse correlative light-electron microscopy, found that inhibition Arp2/3-dependent F-actin assembly promotes reversible relocalization D4H from to internal sterol-rich compartments (STRIC) labeled synaptobrevin Syb1. Retrograde internalization STRIC is independent endocytosis or an intact Golgi, but depends on Ltc1, LAM/StARkin-family protein localized ER-PM contact sites. The ltc1Δ cells over-accumulates sterols upon Arp2/3 forms extended ER-interacting invaginations, indicating transfer contributes size homeostasis. Anterograde movement canonical vesicular trafficking requires Arp2/3, suggesting novel role for this complex. Thus, routes orthogonal govern cell.

Язык: Английский

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Quantitative analysis of nuclear pore complex organization in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Life Science Alliance, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 5(7), С. e202201423 - e202201423

Опубликована: Март 30, 2022

The number, distribution, and composition of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in the envelope varies between cell types changes during cellular differentiation disease. To understand how NPC density organization are controlled, we analyzed number distribution fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe using structured illumination microscopy. small size nuclei, genetic features fungi, our robust image analysis pipeline allowed us to study NPCs intact nuclei under multiple conditions. Our data revealed that is maintained across a wide range sizes. Regions reduced observed over nucleolus surrounding spindle pole body (SPB). Lem2-mediated tethering centromeres SPB required maintain exclusion near SPBs. These findings provide quantitative understanding S. show interactions centromere influences local distribution.

Язык: Английский

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Made to measure: An introduction to quantifying microscopy data in the life sciences

Journal of Microscopy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 295(1), С. 61 - 82

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2023

Abstract Images are at the core of most modern biological experiments and used as a major source quantitative information. Numerous algorithms available to process images make them more amenable be measured. Yet nature output that is useful for given experiment uniquely dependent upon question being investigated. Here, we discuss 3 main types information can extracted from microscopy data: intensity, morphology, object counts or categorical labels. For each, describe where they come from, how measured, what may affect relevance these measurements in downstream data analysis. Acknowledging makes measurement ‘good’ ultimately down investigated, this review aims providing readers with toolkit challenge quantify their own critical conclusions drawn bioimage analysis experiments.

Язык: Английский

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Cell patterning by secretion-induced plasma membrane flows

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 7(38)

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2021

Cells self-organize using reaction-diffusion and fluid-flow principles. Whether bulk membrane flows contribute to cell patterning has not been established. Here, mathematical modeling, optogenetics, synthetic probes, we show that polarized exocytosis causes lateral away from regions of insertion. Plasma membrane–associated proteins with sufficiently low diffusion and/or detachment rates couple the deplete areas exocytosis. In rod-shaped fission yeast cells, zones Cdc42 GTPase activity driving are limited by activating (GAPs). We pattern GAP Rga4 distribution coupling a is sufficient establish rod shape. Thus, induced Cdc42-dependent form negative feedback restricting zone activity.

Язык: Английский

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Initiator tRNA lacking 1-methyladenosine is targeted by the rapid tRNA decay pathway in evolutionarily distant yeast species

PLoS Genetics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(7), С. e1010215 - e1010215

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2022

All tRNAs have numerous modifications, lack of which often results in growth defects the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and neurological or other disorders humans. In S . , tRNA body modifications can lead to impaired stability decay a subset hypomodified tRNAs. Mutants lacking 7-methylguanosine at G 46 (m 7 ), N 2 ,N -dimethylguanosine 2,2 26 4-acetylcytidine (ac 4 C 12 combination with modification mutants, target certain mature rapid (RTD) pathway, catalyzed by 5’-3’ exonucleases Xrn1 Rat1, regulated Met22. The RTD pathway is conserved phylogenetically distant fission Schizosaccharomyces pombe for mutants m contrast, trm6/gcd10 reduced 1-methyladenosine 1 A 58 ) specifically pre-tRNA i Met(CAU) nuclear surveillance 3’-5’ exonucleolytic TRAMP complex exosome. We show here that has an unexpected major role biology both find trm6Δ are temperature sensitive due pathway. Thus, had levels not eight tested tRNAs, overexpression restored growth, spontaneous suppressors mutations dhp1/RAT1 tol1/MET22 addition, deletion cid14 / TRF4 did restore growth. Furthermore, re-examination trm6 revealed maintaining levels, addition known These findings provide evidence importance throughout eukaryotes, fuel speculation quality control fungi eukaryotes.

Язык: Английский

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Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: A Unicellular “Micromammal” Model Organism

Current Protocols, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 1(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2021

Abstract The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a rod‐shaped unicellular eukaryote, well known for its contributions as model organism our understanding of regulation and conservation the eukaryotic cell cycle. As divergent from budding Saccharomyces cerevisiae , S. shares more common features with humans including gene structures, chromatin dynamics, prevalence introns, control expression through pre‐mRNA splicing, epigenetic silencing, RNAi pathways. With advent new methodologies research, has become an increasingly used to investigate various molecular cellular processes over last 50 years. Also, serves excellent system undergraduate students obtain hands‐on research experience. Versatile experimental approaches are amenable using due relative ease maintenance, inherent properties, power in classic genetics, feasibility genomics proteomics analyses. This article provides overview ’s rise valuable presents examples highlight significance “micromammal” investigating biological questions. We especially focus on advantages advancements studying that characteristic metazoans decipher underlining mechanisms fundamental all eukaryotes. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. was corrected 21 July 2021. See end full text details.

Язык: Английский

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