Neuromorphic Pattern Generation Circuits for Bioelectronic Medicine

Опубликована: Май 4, 2021

Chronic diseases can greatly benefit from bio-electronic medicine approaches. Neuromorphic electronic circuits present ideal characteristics for the development of brain-inspired low-power implantable processing systems that be interfaced with biological systems. These circuits, therefore, represent a promising additional tool in tool-set bioelectronic medicine. In this paper, we describe main features neuromorphic are ideally suited continuously monitoring physiological parameters body and interact them real-time. We propose examples computational primitives used real-time pattern generation implementation neural oscillators sequence activation patterns. demonstrate such an three-phase network models dynamics respiratory Central Pattern Generator (CPG) heart chambers rhythm, could to build adaptive pacemaker.

Язык: Английский

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A re-evaluation of silk measurement by the cecropia caterpillar (Hyalophora cecropia) during cocoon construction reveals use of a silk odometer that is temporally regulated

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 15(2), С. e0228453 - e0228453

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2020

The late 5th instar caterpillar of the cecropia silk moth (Hyalophora cecropia) spins a silken cocoon with distinct, multilayered architecture. construction program, first described by seminal work Van der Kloot and Williams, consists highly ordered sequence events. We perform behavioral experiments to re-evaluate original work, which hypothesized that length passes through spinneret controls orderly execution each discrete events spinning. confirm extend three-dimensional scanning quantitative measurements weights if is interrupted, upon re-spinning, continues program from where it left off. also caterpillars will not bypass any sections during process, even presented pre-spun section spun another caterpillar. Blocking output inhibits performing normal spinning behaviors used for construction. Surprisingly, unblocking 24-hr later did restart suggesting involvement temporally-defined interval timer. surgical reductions glands itself matters, rather than total amount extracted individuals. electron microscopy directly show either mono- or dual-filament (i.e., equal lengths but vary in their extracted) can be construct equivalent cocoons size contain relevant layers. propose our findings, taken together results prior studies, strongly support hypothesis uses "odometer" measure does so temporally regulated manner. further postulate examination anatomy apparatus ablating sensory provides evidence measurement occurs upstream spinneret.

Язык: Английский

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Asymmetric and transient properties of reciprocal activity of antagonists during the paw-shake response in the cat

PLoS Computational Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 17(12), С. e1009677 - e1009677

Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2021

Mutually inhibitory populations of neurons, half-center oscillators (HCOs), are commonly involved in the dynamics central pattern generators (CPGs) driving various rhythmic movements. Previously, we developed a multifunctional, multistable symmetric HCO model which produced slow locomotor-like and fast paw-shake-like activity patterns. Here, describe asymmetric features paw-shake responses test these predictions experimentally. We considered bursting properties two half-centers during transient to short perturbations activity. found that when current pulse was applied spiking phase one half-center, let’s call it #1, consecutive burst durations (BDs) increased throughout response, while BDs other #2, only changed slightly. In contrast, interburst intervals (IBIs) #1 little, IBIs #2 increased. demonstrated this asymmetry between depends on rhythm at perturbation applied. suggest response reflects functional asymmetries processes underly pattern; e.g., levels inactivation across for slowly inactivating inward current. compared results with those in-vivo evoked locomoting cats similar asymmetries. Electromyographic (EMG) anterior hindlimb muscles flexor-related cycles, BD posterior extensor-related did not change, vice versa flexors extensors. conclude EMG patterns paw-shaking consistent proposed mechanism producing our model. described could implicate multifunctional CPG controlling both locomotion paw-shaking.

Язык: Английский

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Marmosets mutually compensate for differences in rhythms when coordinating vigilance

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

Abstract Synchronisation is widespread in animals, and studies have often emphasised how this seemingly complex phenomenon can emerge from very simple rules. However, the amount of flexibility control that animals might over synchronisation properties, such as strength coupling, remains underexplored. Here, we studied pairs marmoset monkeys coordinated vigilance while feeding. By modelling them coupled oscillators, noted (1) individual marmosets do not show perfect periodicity behaviours, (2) even then, developed a tendency to take turns being vigilant, case anti-phase synchrony, (3) could couple flexibly; coupling varied with every new joint feeding bout, (4) strength; dyads showed increased if they began more desynchronised state. Such require than interaction Minimally, must estimate current degree asynchrony adjust their behaviour accordingly. Moreover, fact each inherently non-periodic adds cognitive demand. Overall, our study taps into aspects provides mathematical framework investigate widely, where individuals may display perfectly rhythmic behaviours.

Язык: Английский

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Unified Neuromechanical Control Model for Rhythmic and Discrete Hand Movements

Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Problems, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(2), С. 279 - 289

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024

Movement is one of the essential characteristics living beings.Despite diversity animal species and apparent differences, standard features exist between their movement systems that follow a particular pattern.The movements can mainly be divided into discrete rhythmic categories controlled by central nervous system.Scientists usually consider these two types motion separately in control system use different methods resources to produce model them.Proposing unified comprehensive for generating controlling with same more valuable, albeit challenging.This because such would address fundamental problem field motor control, offering holistic solution understanding how beings generate movement.A could revolutionize various fields, including robotics, rehabilitation, neuroscience, providing versatile framework applicable applications.In this study, we employed Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) equations our computational model; suitability lies ability capture intricate dynamics neural oscillations behavior networks, making them an ideal choice investigation.Our analysis model, factors influencing motion, oscillation revealed crucial insights.We found supraspinal input neuron feedback, as key parameters, play pivotal roles movements.These findings contribute orchestrates both within single framework.Developing neuromechanical capable creating holds promising implications.This research potentially advance fields biomechanics, rehabilitation control.Moreover, switching mechanism states lead innovative strategies designing adaptive robotic improving protocols individuals impairments.

Язык: Английский

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EFFECTS OF SPINAL TRANSECTION AND LOCOMOTOR SPEED ON MUSCLE SYNERGIES OF THE CAT HINDLIMB

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2024

Abstract It was suggested that during locomotion, the nervous system controls movement by activating groups of muscles, or muscle synergies. Analysis synergies can reveal organization spinal locomotor networks and how it depends on state system, such as before after cord injury, different conditions, including a change in speed. The goal this study to investigate effects transection speed hindlimb their time-dependent activity patterns adult cats. EMG activities 15 muscles were recorded 9 cats either sex tied-belt treadmill locomotion at speeds 0.4, 0.7, 1.0 m/s recovery from low thoracic transection. We determined burst using cluster analysis onset offset times non-negative matrix factorization. found five major each six experimental conditions (2 states x 3 speeds). In case, accounted for least 90% variance. Both modified subgroups composition activation selected However, these changes did not modify general Based obtained results, we propose an pattern formation network two-level central generator be tested neuromechanical simulations circuits controlling cat locomotion.

Язык: Английский

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A Neuromechanical Control Model For Rhythmic and Discrete Movements Based on Central Pattern Generator (CPG)

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2023

Movement is one of the essential characteristics living beings. Despite diversity animal species and apparent differences, standard features exist between their movement systems that follow a particular pattern. The movements can mainly be divided into discrete rhythmic categories controlled by central nervous system. Scientists usually consider these two types motion separately in control system use different methods resources to produce model them. Proposing unified comprehensive for generating controlling with same more valuable, albeit challenging. present study provides single neuromechanical producing movements. This consists neural oscillator, pattern generator (CPG), coupled inhibitory excitatory paths drive flexor extensor muscles. computational this follows Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) equations. structure model, factors involved creating motion, oscillation were analyzed great detail. It was found supraspinal input motor neuron feedback, as parameters, play an role activity directly impact production According create both presented. also addresses switching mechanism states.

Язык: Английский

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State-dependent dynamics of cuttlefish mantle activity

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023

ABSTRACT Cuttlefish skin is a powerful rendering device, capable of producing extraordinary changes in visual appearance over broad range temporal scales. This unique ability typically associated with camouflage, however cuttlefish often produce patterns that do not appear connected the surrounding environment, such as fast large-scale fluctuations wave-like characteristics. Little known about functional significance these dynamic patterns. In this study, we develop novel tools for analyzing pattern dynamics, and demonstrate their utility detecting feeding state occur without concomitant sensory stimulation. Under conditions, find properties specific components differ different states, despite no measurable change overall expression those components. These are therefore detectable by conventional analyses focusing on expression, requiring analytical specifically targeted to dynamics.

Язык: Английский

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Neuropeptidergic regulation of locomotion inhibition in C. elegans

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Locomotion, the way animals independently move through space by active muscle contractions, is one of most apparent animal behaviors. However, in many situations it more beneficial for to actively prevent locomotion, instance briefly stop before reorienting with aim avoiding predators, or save energy and recuperate from stress during sleep. The molecular cellular mechanisms underlying such locomotion inhibition still remain elusive. So, this study was utilize practical genetic model organism Caenorhabditis elegans efficiently tackle relevant questions on how are capable suppressing locomotion. Nerve cells, mostly called neurons, known control patterns activating some inhibiting other groups a spatiotemporal manner via local secretion molecules as neurotransmitters. This particularly focuses whether neuropeptides modulate neurotransmission Neuropeptides small protein-like that secreted specific neurons act brain G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed target neurons. They can hormones, neuromodulators DNA sequences coding their cognate similar across diverse species thus indicate evolutionary conservation signaling pathways. could potentially also imply regulatory functions meaningful unravel general inhibition. Specifically, we find modulatory interneuron RIS constitutes dedicated neuron which activity sufficient initiate rapid arrest C. while maintaining its body posture. Similar function larval sleep, requires RFamide encoded flp 11 gene activity, addition GABA. Furthermore, spontaneous calcium transients compartmentalized correlated stop. These findings illustrate single regulate both stopping sleeping phenotypes. Secondly, show RPamide nlp-22 nlp-2 sleep wakefulness, respectively. We unexpectedly these peptides activate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-like dose dependently highlight sequence resemblance bilaterian GnRH-like neuropeptides. In addition, distinct subsets associated motor behavior. Finally, nlp 22 signal GNNR 6 2 require GNRR 3 promote wakefulness. sum, regulated multiple, but conserved neuropeptidergic

Язык: Английский

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Behavioral evidence for nested central pattern generator control of Drosophila grooming

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2020, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2020

Abstract Central pattern generators (CPGs) are neurons or neural circuits that produce periodic output without requiring patterned input. More complex behaviors can be assembled from simpler subroutines, and nested CPGs have been proposed to coordinate their repetitive elements, organizing control over different time-scales. Here, we use behavioral experiments establish Drosophila grooming may controlled by CPGs. On a short time-scale (5-7 Hz), flies execute leg sweeps rubs. surprisingly, transitions between bouts of head cleaning rubbing also on longer (0.3 - 0.6 Hz). We examine at range temperatures show the frequencies both oscillations increase – hallmark CPG two time-scales same rate, indicating linked. This relationship holds when sensory drive is held constant using optogenetic activation, but rhythms decouple in spontaneously flies, showing alternative modes possible. Loss feedback does not disrupt periodicity slows alternation. Nested simplify generation behaviors, identifying them presents an opportunity map constitute them.

Язык: Английский

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