arXiv (Cornell University),
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2021
Chronic
diseases
can
greatly
benefit
from
bioelectronic
medicine
approaches.
Neuromorphic
electronic
circuits
present
ideal
characteristics
for
the
development
of
brain-inspired
low-power
implantable
processing
systems
that
be
interfaced
with
biological
systems.
These
circuits,
therefore,
represent
a
promising
additional
tool
in
tool-set
medicine.
In
this
paper,
we
describe
main
features
neuromorphic
are
ideally
suited
continuously
monitoring
physiological
parameters
body
and
interact
them
real-time.
We
propose
examples
computational
primitives
used
real-time
pattern
generation
implementation
neural
oscillators
sequence
activation
patterns.
demonstrate
such
an
three-phase
network
models
dynamics
respiratory
Central
Pattern
Generator
(CPG)
heart
chambers
rhythm,
could
to
build
adaptive
pacemaker.
Chronic
diseases
can
greatly
benefit
from
bio-electronic
medicine
approaches.
Neuromorphic
electronic
circuits
present
ideal
characteristics
for
the
development
of
brain-inspired
low-power
implantable
processing
systems
that
be
interfaced
with
biological
systems.
These
circuits,
therefore,
represent
a
promising
additional
tool
in
tool-set
bioelectronic
medicine.
In
this
paper,
we
describe
main
features
neuromorphic
are
ideally
suited
continuously
monitoring
physiological
parameters
body
and
interact
them
real-time.
We
propose
examples
computational
primitives
used
real-time
pattern
generation
implementation
neural
oscillators
sequence
activation
patterns.
demonstrate
such
an
three-phase
network
models
dynamics
respiratory
Central
Pattern
Generator
(CPG)
heart
chambers
rhythm,
could
to
build
adaptive
pacemaker.
PLoS ONE,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
15(2), С. e0228453 - e0228453
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2020
The
late
5th
instar
caterpillar
of
the
cecropia
silk
moth
(Hyalophora
cecropia)
spins
a
silken
cocoon
with
distinct,
multilayered
architecture.
construction
program,
first
described
by
seminal
work
Van
der
Kloot
and
Williams,
consists
highly
ordered
sequence
events.
We
perform
behavioral
experiments
to
re-evaluate
original
work,
which
hypothesized
that
length
passes
through
spinneret
controls
orderly
execution
each
discrete
events
spinning.
confirm
extend
three-dimensional
scanning
quantitative
measurements
weights
if
is
interrupted,
upon
re-spinning,
continues
program
from
where
it
left
off.
also
caterpillars
will
not
bypass
any
sections
during
process,
even
presented
pre-spun
section
spun
another
caterpillar.
Blocking
output
inhibits
performing
normal
spinning
behaviors
used
for
construction.
Surprisingly,
unblocking
24-hr
later
did
restart
suggesting
involvement
temporally-defined
interval
timer.
surgical
reductions
glands
itself
matters,
rather
than
total
amount
extracted
individuals.
electron
microscopy
directly
show
either
mono-
or
dual-filament
(i.e.,
equal
lengths
but
vary
in
their
extracted)
can
be
construct
equivalent
cocoons
size
contain
relevant
layers.
propose
our
findings,
taken
together
results
prior
studies,
strongly
support
hypothesis
uses
"odometer"
measure
does
so
temporally
regulated
manner.
further
postulate
examination
anatomy
apparatus
ablating
sensory
provides
evidence
measurement
occurs
upstream
spinneret.
PLoS Computational Biology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
17(12), С. e1009677 - e1009677
Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2021
Mutually
inhibitory
populations
of
neurons,
half-center
oscillators
(HCOs),
are
commonly
involved
in
the
dynamics
central
pattern
generators
(CPGs)
driving
various
rhythmic
movements.
Previously,
we
developed
a
multifunctional,
multistable
symmetric
HCO
model
which
produced
slow
locomotor-like
and
fast
paw-shake-like
activity
patterns.
Here,
describe
asymmetric
features
paw-shake
responses
test
these
predictions
experimentally.
We
considered
bursting
properties
two
half-centers
during
transient
to
short
perturbations
activity.
found
that
when
current
pulse
was
applied
spiking
phase
one
half-center,
let’s
call
it
#1,
consecutive
burst
durations
(BDs)
increased
throughout
response,
while
BDs
other
#2,
only
changed
slightly.
In
contrast,
interburst
intervals
(IBIs)
#1
little,
IBIs
#2
increased.
demonstrated
this
asymmetry
between
depends
on
rhythm
at
perturbation
applied.
suggest
response
reflects
functional
asymmetries
processes
underly
pattern;
e.g.,
levels
inactivation
across
for
slowly
inactivating
inward
current.
compared
results
with
those
in-vivo
evoked
locomoting
cats
similar
asymmetries.
Electromyographic
(EMG)
anterior
hindlimb
muscles
flexor-related
cycles,
BD
posterior
extensor-related
did
not
change,
vice
versa
flexors
extensors.
conclude
EMG
patterns
paw-shaking
consistent
proposed
mechanism
producing
our
model.
described
could
implicate
multifunctional
CPG
controlling
both
locomotion
paw-shaking.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023
Abstract
Synchronisation
is
widespread
in
animals,
and
studies
have
often
emphasised
how
this
seemingly
complex
phenomenon
can
emerge
from
very
simple
rules.
However,
the
amount
of
flexibility
control
that
animals
might
over
synchronisation
properties,
such
as
strength
coupling,
remains
underexplored.
Here,
we
studied
pairs
marmoset
monkeys
coordinated
vigilance
while
feeding.
By
modelling
them
coupled
oscillators,
noted
(1)
individual
marmosets
do
not
show
perfect
periodicity
behaviours,
(2)
even
then,
developed
a
tendency
to
take
turns
being
vigilant,
case
anti-phase
synchrony,
(3)
could
couple
flexibly;
coupling
varied
with
every
new
joint
feeding
bout,
(4)
strength;
dyads
showed
increased
if
they
began
more
desynchronised
state.
Such
require
than
interaction
Minimally,
must
estimate
current
degree
asynchrony
adjust
their
behaviour
accordingly.
Moreover,
fact
each
inherently
non-periodic
adds
cognitive
demand.
Overall,
our
study
taps
into
aspects
provides
mathematical
framework
investigate
widely,
where
individuals
may
display
perfectly
rhythmic
behaviours.
Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Problems,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(2), С. 279 - 289
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024
Movement
is
one
of
the
essential
characteristics
living
beings.Despite
diversity
animal
species
and
apparent
differences,
standard
features
exist
between
their
movement
systems
that
follow
a
particular
pattern.The
movements
can
mainly
be
divided
into
discrete
rhythmic
categories
controlled
by
central
nervous
system.Scientists
usually
consider
these
two
types
motion
separately
in
control
system
use
different
methods
resources
to
produce
model
them.Proposing
unified
comprehensive
for
generating
controlling
with
same
more
valuable,
albeit
challenging.This
because
such
would
address
fundamental
problem
field
motor
control,
offering
holistic
solution
understanding
how
beings
generate
movement.A
could
revolutionize
various
fields,
including
robotics,
rehabilitation,
neuroscience,
providing
versatile
framework
applicable
applications.In
this
study,
we
employed
Hodgkin-Huxley
(HH)
equations
our
computational
model;
suitability
lies
ability
capture
intricate
dynamics
neural
oscillations
behavior
networks,
making
them
an
ideal
choice
investigation.Our
analysis
model,
factors
influencing
motion,
oscillation
revealed
crucial
insights.We
found
supraspinal
input
neuron
feedback,
as
key
parameters,
play
pivotal
roles
movements.These
findings
contribute
orchestrates
both
within
single
framework.Developing
neuromechanical
capable
creating
holds
promising
implications.This
research
potentially
advance
fields
biomechanics,
rehabilitation
control.Moreover,
switching
mechanism
states
lead
innovative
strategies
designing
adaptive
robotic
improving
protocols
individuals
impairments.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2024
Abstract
It
was
suggested
that
during
locomotion,
the
nervous
system
controls
movement
by
activating
groups
of
muscles,
or
muscle
synergies.
Analysis
synergies
can
reveal
organization
spinal
locomotor
networks
and
how
it
depends
on
state
system,
such
as
before
after
cord
injury,
different
conditions,
including
a
change
in
speed.
The
goal
this
study
to
investigate
effects
transection
speed
hindlimb
their
time-dependent
activity
patterns
adult
cats.
EMG
activities
15
muscles
were
recorded
9
cats
either
sex
tied-belt
treadmill
locomotion
at
speeds
0.4,
0.7,
1.0
m/s
recovery
from
low
thoracic
transection.
We
determined
burst
using
cluster
analysis
onset
offset
times
non-negative
matrix
factorization.
found
five
major
each
six
experimental
conditions
(2
states
x
3
speeds).
In
case,
accounted
for
least
90%
variance.
Both
modified
subgroups
composition
activation
selected
However,
these
changes
did
not
modify
general
Based
obtained
results,
we
propose
an
pattern
formation
network
two-level
central
generator
be
tested
neuromechanical
simulations
circuits
controlling
cat
locomotion.
Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2023
Abstract
Movement
is
one
of
the
essential
characteristics
living
beings.
Despite
diversity
animal
species
and
apparent
differences,
standard
features
exist
between
their
movement
systems
that
follow
a
particular
pattern.
The
movements
can
mainly
be
divided
into
discrete
rhythmic
categories
controlled
by
central
nervous
system.
Scientists
usually
consider
these
two
types
motion
separately
in
control
system
use
different
methods
resources
to
produce
model
them.
Proposing
unified
comprehensive
for
generating
controlling
with
same
more
valuable,
albeit
challenging.
present
study
provides
single
neuromechanical
producing
movements.
This
consists
neural
oscillator,
pattern
generator
(CPG),
coupled
inhibitory
excitatory
paths
drive
flexor
extensor
muscles.
computational
this
follows
Hodgkin-Huxley
(HH)
equations.
structure
model,
factors
involved
creating
motion,
oscillation
were
analyzed
great
detail.
It
was
found
supraspinal
input
motor
neuron
feedback,
as
parameters,
play
an
role
activity
directly
impact
production
According
create
both
presented.
also
addresses
switching
mechanism
states.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023
ABSTRACT
Cuttlefish
skin
is
a
powerful
rendering
device,
capable
of
producing
extraordinary
changes
in
visual
appearance
over
broad
range
temporal
scales.
This
unique
ability
typically
associated
with
camouflage,
however
cuttlefish
often
produce
patterns
that
do
not
appear
connected
the
surrounding
environment,
such
as
fast
large-scale
fluctuations
wave-like
characteristics.
Little
known
about
functional
significance
these
dynamic
patterns.
In
this
study,
we
develop
novel
tools
for
analyzing
pattern
dynamics,
and
demonstrate
their
utility
detecting
feeding
state
occur
without
concomitant
sensory
stimulation.
Under
conditions,
find
properties
specific
components
differ
different
states,
despite
no
measurable
change
overall
expression
those
components.
These
are
therefore
detectable
by
conventional
analyses
focusing
on
expression,
requiring
analytical
specifically
targeted
to
dynamics.
Locomotion,
the
way
animals
independently
move
through
space
by
active
muscle
contractions,
is
one
of
most
apparent
animal
behaviors.
However,
in
many
situations
it
more
beneficial
for
to
actively
prevent
locomotion,
instance
briefly
stop
before
reorienting
with
aim
avoiding
predators,
or
save
energy
and
recuperate
from
stress
during
sleep.
The
molecular
cellular
mechanisms
underlying
such
locomotion
inhibition
still
remain
elusive.
So,
this
study
was
utilize
practical
genetic
model
organism
Caenorhabditis
elegans
efficiently
tackle
relevant
questions
on
how
are
capable
suppressing
locomotion.
Nerve
cells,
mostly
called
neurons,
known
control
patterns
activating
some
inhibiting
other
groups
a
spatiotemporal
manner
via
local
secretion
molecules
as
neurotransmitters.
This
particularly
focuses
whether
neuropeptides
modulate
neurotransmission
Neuropeptides
small
protein-like
that
secreted
specific
neurons
act
brain
G
protein-coupled
receptors
(GPCRs)
expressed
target
neurons.
They
can
hormones,
neuromodulators
DNA
sequences
coding
their
cognate
similar
across
diverse
species
thus
indicate
evolutionary
conservation
signaling
pathways.
could
potentially
also
imply
regulatory
functions
meaningful
unravel
general
inhibition.
Specifically,
we
find
modulatory
interneuron
RIS
constitutes
dedicated
neuron
which
activity
sufficient
initiate
rapid
arrest
C.
while
maintaining
its
body
posture.
Similar
function
larval
sleep,
requires
RFamide
encoded
flp
11
gene
activity,
addition
GABA.
Furthermore,
spontaneous
calcium
transients
compartmentalized
correlated
stop.
These
findings
illustrate
single
regulate
both
stopping
sleeping
phenotypes.
Secondly,
show
RPamide
nlp-22
nlp-2
sleep
wakefulness,
respectively.
We
unexpectedly
these
peptides
activate
gonadotropin-releasing
hormone
(GnRH)-like
dose
dependently
highlight
sequence
resemblance
bilaterian
GnRH-like
neuropeptides.
In
addition,
distinct
subsets
associated
motor
behavior.
Finally,
nlp
22
signal
GNNR
6
2
require
GNRR
3
promote
wakefulness.
sum,
regulated
multiple,
but
conserved
neuropeptidergic
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2020
Abstract
Central
pattern
generators
(CPGs)
are
neurons
or
neural
circuits
that
produce
periodic
output
without
requiring
patterned
input.
More
complex
behaviors
can
be
assembled
from
simpler
subroutines,
and
nested
CPGs
have
been
proposed
to
coordinate
their
repetitive
elements,
organizing
control
over
different
time-scales.
Here,
we
use
behavioral
experiments
establish
Drosophila
grooming
may
controlled
by
CPGs.
On
a
short
time-scale
(5-7
Hz),
flies
execute
leg
sweeps
rubs.
surprisingly,
transitions
between
bouts
of
head
cleaning
rubbing
also
on
longer
(0.3
-
0.6
Hz).
We
examine
at
range
temperatures
show
the
frequencies
both
oscillations
increase
–
hallmark
CPG
two
time-scales
same
rate,
indicating
linked.
This
relationship
holds
when
sensory
drive
is
held
constant
using
optogenetic
activation,
but
rhythms
decouple
in
spontaneously
flies,
showing
alternative
modes
possible.
Loss
feedback
does
not
disrupt
periodicity
slows
alternation.
Nested
simplify
generation
behaviors,
identifying
them
presents
an
opportunity
map
constitute
them.