Morphological, ecological and geographic differences between diploids and tetraploids ofSymphytum officinale(Boraginaceae) justify both cytotypes as separate species

AoB Plants, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(4)

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2022

Polyploidization is generally considered to be an important evolutionary driver affecting the genetic diversity, that can alter morphology, phenology, physiology or ecology of plants, which in turn may make taxonomy polyploids more difficult. One such example

Язык: Английский

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Phylogeny of Trigonotis in China—with a special reference to its nutlet morphology and plastid genome

Plant Diversity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 45(4), С. 409 - 421

Опубликована: Март 15, 2023

The genus Trigonotis comprises nearly 60 species mainly distributed in East and Southeast Asia. China has the largest number of world, with a total 44 species, which 38 are endemic. Nutlet morphology is useful for taxonomic delimitation Trigonotis. However, there still controversial circumscriptions nutlet shape some species. In previous studies, interspecies phylogenetic relationships were inferred using few DNA markers very taxa, possibly led to erroneous or incomplete conclusions. this study, 39 taxa characteristics 34 complete chloroplast genomes (29 taxa) investigated analyzed. Then, discussed within based on genomes. To best our knowledge, study first comprehensive analysis genome Based morphology, can be divided into two groups: Group 1, hemispherical oblique tetrahedron carpopodiums, 2, inverted without carpopodiums. exhibited typical quadripartite structure, including 84-86 protein-coding, 37 transfer RNA, 8 ribosomal RNA genes, length 147,247-148,986 bp. Genes junctions well conserved Trigonotis, similar those other Boraginaceae s.str. Furthermore, showed relatively high diversity, more genic regions than intergenic regions; addition, we detected 14 hot spots (Pi > 0.005) non-coding regions. Phylogenetic analyses data identified highly resolved between Specifically, was clades strong support: one clade included nutlets carpopodiums bracts, whereas bracts. Our results may inform future taxonomic, phylogenetic, evolutionary studies Boraginaceae.

Язык: Английский

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Cryptantha whippleae (Boraginaceae), a new serpentine-adapted species endemic to northern California, U.S.A.

PhytoKeys, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 247, С. 155 - 172

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2024

Cryptantha whippleae D.A.York & M.G.Simpson (Boraginaceae) is described as new. This species currently known to occur in serpentine barrens the Shasta-Trinity National Forest of Siskiyou County, California, with one outlier population possible Lake California. The new most similar grandiflora and C. milobakeri , these three likely each others’ closest relatives. All have a relatively large corolla limb width smooth, lance-ovate ovate, marginally rounded, acuminate abaxially transversely flattened nutlets. differs from having short, opposed tall, stem height; bifurcate trifurcate primary axis cymules; typically 2–3 nutlets per fruit, usually nutlet fruit. also versus appressed-strigose spreading-hispid vestiture, strigose only or hirsute; calyx trichomes two distinct vestiture types, appressed hirsute medially hispid, type, dense, ascending, whitish sericeous; rare joins seven other that are found on serpentine, either obligately facultatively. Current molecular phylogenetic studies support mostly convergent evolution adaptation but additional needed.

Язык: Английский

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Memoirs of a frequent flier: Phylogenomics reveals 18 long‐distance dispersals between North America and South America in the popcorn flowers (Amsinckiinae)

American Journal of Botany, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 104(11), С. 1717 - 1728

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: American amphitropical disjunction (AAD) is an important but understudied New World biogeographic pattern in which related plants occur extratropical North America and South America, are absent the intervening tropics. Subtribe Amsinckiinae (Boraginaceae) one of richest groups displaying AAD pattern. Here, we infer a time‐calibrated molecular phylogeny group to evaluate number, timing, directionality events, yields generalizable insights into mechanism AAD. METHODS: We perform phylogenomic analysis 139 samples subtribe divergence times using two calibration schemes: with only fossil calibrations fossils plus secondary from recent family level analysis. Biogeographic was performed R package BioGeoBEARS. KEY RESULTS: document 18 examples Amsinckiinae. Inferred these were strongly asynchronous, ranging Miocene (17.1 million years ago [Ma]) Pleistocene (0.33 Ma), most (12) occurring <5 Ma. Four events occurred 10–5 Ma, during second rise Andes. All had directionality. CONCLUSIONS: Second hyperdiverse Poaceae number documented examples, ideal system for study Asynchronous support hypothesis long‐distance dispersal by birds as more generally. Further comparative studies may permit testing examination relationship between fruit morphology, reproductive biology, ploidy.

Язык: Английский

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Dissection for Floral Micromorphology and Plastid Genome of Valuable Medicinal Borages Arnebia and Lithospermum (Boraginaceae)

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2020

The genera Arnebia and Lithospermum (Lithospermeae-Boraginaceae) comprise 25–30 50–60 species, respectively. Some of them are economically valuable, as their roots frequently contain a purple-red dye used in the cosmetic industry. Furthermore, dried euchroma , A. guttata erythrorhizon which have been designated Lithospermi Radix, traditional Korean herbal medicine. This study is first report on floral micromorphology complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences (including tibetana ), L. . We reveal great diversity epidermal cell patterns, gynoecium, structure trichomes. cp genomes were 149,361–150,465 bp length, with conserved quadripartite structures. In total, 112 genes identified, including 78 protein-coding regions, 30 tRNA genes, four rRNA genes. Gene order, content, orientation highly consistent general angiosperm genomes. Comparison revealed locally divergent mainly within intergenic spacer regions ( atpH-atpI petN-psbM rbcL-psaI ycf4-cemA ndhF-rpl32 ndhC-trnV-UAC ). To facilitate species identification, we developed molecular markers psaA - ycf3 (PSY), trnI-CAU- ycf2 (TCY), ndhC trnV-UAC (NCTV) based divergence hotspots. High-resolution phylogenetic analysis clear clustering close relationship to its sister group, was supported by strong bootstrap values posterior probabilities. Overall, gynoecium characteristics genetic distance suggest that might be recognized an independent rather than synonym present morphological genomic results provide useful information for future studies, such taxonomic, phylogenetic, evolutionary Boraginaceae.

Язык: Английский

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