Threats of global warming to the world’s freshwater fishes

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Март 15, 2021

Abstract Climate change poses a significant threat to global biodiversity, but freshwater fishes have been largely ignored in climate assessments. Here, we assess threats of future flow and water temperature extremes ~11,500 riverine fish species. In 3.2 °C warmer world (no further emission cuts after current governments’ pledges for 2030), 36% the species over half their present-day geographic range exposed climatic beyond levels. Threats are largest tropical sub-arid regions increases maximum more threatening than changes extremes. comparison, 9% projected threatened 2 world, which reduces 4% if warming is limited 1.5 °C. Our results highlight need intensify (inter)national commitments limit biodiversity be safeguarded.

Язык: Английский

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Species’ traits as predictors of range shifts under contemporary climate change: A review and meta‐analysis

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 23(10), С. 4094 - 4105

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2017

A growing body of literature seeks to explain variation in range shifts using species' ecological and life-history traits, with expectations that should be greater species dispersal ability, reproductive potential, generalization. Despite strong theoretical support for traits as predictors shifts, empirical evidence from contemporary shift studies remains limited extent consensus. We conducted the first comprehensive review collecting results 51 across multiple taxa encompassing over 11,000 responses 54 assemblages taxonomically related occurring together space. used directly compared geographic distributions sampled 20th century prior climate change resurveys after then tested whether accounted heterogeneity shifts. performed a formal meta-analysis on study-level effects size, fecundity, diet breadth, habitat historic limit subset 21 26 sufficient data. Range were consistent predictions based breadth limit. However, showed no significant effect studies, reported relationships contradicted predictions. Current understanding is limited, standardized study needed valid indicators vulnerability assessments impacts.

Язык: Английский

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Expanding, shifting and shrinking: The impact of global warming on species’ elevational distributions

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 27(11), С. 1268 - 1276

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2018

Abstract Aim Species are responding to climate warming by shifting their distributions toward historically cooler regions, but the degree which expansions at cool range limits balanced contractions warm is unknown. We synthesized published data documenting shifts species’ versus along elevational gradients (a) test classic ecological theory that predicts temperature more directly influences than limits, and (b) determine how warming‐associated have changed extent area of distributions. Location Global. Time period 1802–2012. Major taxa studied Vascular plants, endotherms, ectotherms. Methods compiled a dataset 975 species from 32 for been measured both limits. compared magnitude variance quantified impacted extents areas. Results On average shifted upslope associated with increases (warm limit: 92 ± 455 m/C; 131 465 overall mean SD ). There was no systematic difference in or thus indication controlled temperature. Species’ available significantly decreased mountaintop species. Main conclusions Our results do not support long‐standing hypothesis sensitive responsive find that, across globe, ranges shrinking as they shift upslope, supporting predictions high elevation especially vulnerable increases. synthesis highlights extreme variation distributional responses warming, may indicate biotic interactions play prominent role setting previously thought.

Язык: Английский

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Climate-driven changes in functional biogeography of Arctic marine fish communities

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 114(46), С. 12202 - 12207

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2017

Significance Arctic marine ecosystems are experiencing a rapid biogeographic change following the highest warming rates observed around globe in recent decades. Currently, there no studies of how shifts species composition affecting ecosystem functioning at scale. We address this issue via functional biogeography and show that increasing temperatures reduced ice coverage associated with borealization fish communities. find large body-sized piscivorous semipelagic boreal replacing small-bodied benthivorous species, likely biomass production benthic pelagic compartments their coupling. The documented speed magnitude climate-driven will profoundly alter Arctic.

Язык: Английский

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Niche Breadth: Causes and Consequences for Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation

The Quarterly Review of Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 95(3), С. 179 - 214

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2020

Niche breadth is a unifying concept spanning diverse aspects of ecology, evolution, and conservation biology. usually refers to the diversity resources used or environments tolerated by an individual, population, species, clade. Here we review key research in biology light niche breadth. Namely, explore role shaping geographic distributions species richness from local landscape scales, how evolves influences lineage diversification, its use for understanding invasions, responses climate change, vulnerability extinction, ecosystem functioning. This literature informs agenda that identifies focused needs further progress: testing hierarchical nature (e.g., individuals, populations, species); quantifying correlations among different axes environmental drivers organismal constraints generating these correlations; evaluating factors decouple fundamental realized niches. We describe this could help unify disparate subdisciplines shed on questions conservation.

Язык: Английский

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Phenological and elevational shifts of plants, animals and fungi under climate change in the European Alps

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 96(5), С. 1816 - 1835

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2021

Mountain areas are biodiversity hotspots and provide a multitude of ecosystem services irreplaceable socio-economic value. In the European Alps, air temperature has increased at rate about 0.36°C decade-1 since 1970, leading to glacier retreat significant snowpack reduction. Due these rapid environmental changes, this mountainous region is undergoing marked changes in spring phenology elevational distribution animals, plants fungi. Long-term monitoring Alps offers an excellent natural laboratory synthetize climate-related for large array taxonomic groups. This review assesses climatic that have occurred across during recent decades, phenological upslope shifts plants, animals fungi from evidence published papers previously unpublished data. Our provides been shifting earlier past four decades ranges show upwards trend most groups which there sufficient The first observed activity reptiles terrestrial insects (e.g. butterflies) shifted significantly earlier, average -5.7 -6.0 days , respectively. By contrast, semi-aquatic dragonflies damselflies) amphibians, as well singing or laying dates resident birds, smaller non-significant trends ranging -1.0 +1.3 . Leaf-out flowering woody herbaceous showed intermediate with mean values -2.4 -2.8 Regarding species distribution, (N = 2133 species) elevation maximum abundance (optimum elevation) similar pace (on between +18 +25 m ) but substantial differences among taxa. For example, optimum upward by +36.2 +32.7 whereas it was estimated range +11 insects, ferns, birds wood-decaying upper limit (leading edge) also clearly higher (from +47 +91 than +17 +40 ), except (-4.7 ). Although regional land-use could partly explain some trends, consistent shift found almost all taxa over likely reflecting strong warming receding snow cover taken place decades. However, possible exception organisms seems currently too slow track isotherm induced climate warming, +62 +71 1970. light results, interactions change multiple trophic levels through spatial mismatches. nascent research field deserves greater attention allow us anticipate structural functional better level.

Язык: Английский

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Contributions of Quaternary botany to modern ecology and biogeography

Plant Ecology & Diversity, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 12(3-4), С. 189 - 385

Опубликована: Май 4, 2019

Quaternary (last 2.6 million years) botany involves studying plant megafossils (e.g. tree stumps), macrofossils seeds, leaves), and microfossils pollen, spores) preserved in peat bogs lake sediments. Although have been studied since the late eighteenth century, today is largely dominated by pollen analysis.Quaternary analysis just over 100 years old. It started primarily as a geological tool for correlation, relative dating, climate reconstruction. In 1950 major advance occurred with publication Knut Fægri Johs Iversen of their Text-book Modern Pollen Analysis which provided foundations botanical ecological past dynamics biota biotic systems. The development radiocarbon dating 1950s freed from being dating. As result these developments, became valuable implement long-term ecology biogeography.Selected contributions that has made to biogeography are reviewed. They fall into four general parts: (1) aspects interglacial glacial stages such location nature glacial-stage refugia soil glaciated unglaciated areas; (2) responses environmental change (spreading, extinction, persistence, adaptation); (3) topics potential niches, vegetation, forest dynamics; (4) its application human impact tropical systems, conservation changing world, island palaeoecology, plant–animal interactions, biodiversity patterns time.The future briefly discussed 10 suggestions presented help strengthen it links biogeography. much contribute when used conjunction new approaches ancient-DNA, molecular biomarkers, multi-proxy palaeoecology.

Язык: Английский

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Terrestrial insects and climate change: adaptive responses in key traits

Physiological Entomology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 44(2), С. 99 - 115

Опубликована: Март 6, 2019

Abstract Understanding and predicting how adaptation will contribute to species' resilience climate change be paramount successfully managing biodiversity for conservation, agriculture, human health‐related purposes. Making predictions that capture species respond requires an understanding of key traits environmental drivers interact shape fitness in a changing world. Current trait‐based models suggest low‐ mid‐latitude populations most at risk, although these focus on upper thermal limits, which may not the important trait driving distributions under change. In this review, we discuss different (stress, phenology) might insect responses We examine potential adaptive genetic plastic show that, there is evidence range shifts changes, explicit consideration what underpins or responses, largely missing. Despite little empirical shifts, incorporating into essential are making some headway, more data needed, especially from taxonomic groups outside Drosophila , across diverse geographical regions. Climate likely complex, such complexity difficult laboratory experiments. Moving towards well designed field experiments would allow us only complexity, but also study species.

Язык: Английский

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Cracking the Code of Biodiversity Responses to Past Climate Change

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 33(10), С. 765 - 776

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Assessing the impacts of climate change on biodiversity: is below 2 °C enough?

Climatic Change, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 154(3-4), С. 351 - 365

Опубликована: Май 22, 2019

Large changes in biodiversity are expected to occur if climate change continues at its current pace. Adverse effects include species habitats and compositions, consequently ecosystem functioning. We assessed the magnitude of by performing a meta-analysis responses distributions change. focused on proportion local remaining their habitats. summarized 97 studies calculated two effect-size metrics from results quantify biodiversity. These fraction (FRS) area (FRA) with suitable for each species. Both calculate deviations original state together they indicate intactness. found an gradual decrease both FRS FRA significant reductions 14% 35% between 1 2 °C increase global mean temperatures. Strong impacts projected mammals plants 19%. The climate-change response varies strongly among taxonomic groups biomes. For some declines beyond 3 temperature increase. Although these estimates conservative, as we assume that unable disperse or adapt, conclude already moderate levels (i.e., 1–2 °C) is projected. Our research supports pledge limit 1.5 preferably lower protect

Язык: Английский

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