Effect of a novel house (Star home) and toilet design on domestic fly densities in rural Tanzania
Parasites & Vectors,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
18(1)
Опубликована: Март 14, 2025
Abstract
Background
Diarrhoeal
disease
is
the
third
leading
cause
of
death
in
children
under
5
years
old
with
domestic
flies
acting
as
important
mechanical
vectors
diarrhoeal
pathogens.
To
assess
effectiveness
a
novel
house
design,
“Star
home”,
and
improved
toilets
reducing
abundance
flies,
potential
carriers
pathogens,
randomized
controlled
trial
was
carried
out
rural
Tanzania.
Methods
Domestic
fly
populations
were
monitored
28
randomly
selected
Star
homes
traditional
thatched
roofs
mud-walled
houses
over
2
from
January
2022
to
December
2023.
Flies
sampled
kitchens
using
baited-fly
traps
07.00
h
17.30
every
7
weeks.
production
toilets,
placed
drop
holes
collect
emerging
flies.
Duration
external
door
openings
recorded
data
loggers.
Findings
Of
1527
collected,
76%
Chrysomya
putoria
,
16%
Musca
domestica
8%
Sarcophaga
spp.
In
kitchen
collections,
there
46%
fewer
C.
[adjusted
mean
rate
ratio
(RR)
=
0.54]
69%
(RR
0.31)
compared
houses.
There
no
difference
M.
two
study
groups.
49%
0.51),
but
observed
for
other
species.
No
emerged
home
4.2
flies/trap/day
toilets.
During
day,
doors
od
open
an
average
13.0
min/h
less
than
Conclusions
reduced
apart
houseflies,
putative
vector
diseases,
Changing
design
buildings
can
contribute
decline
may
lead
reduction
diseases.
Graphical
Язык: Английский
Performance, Emissions, and Suitability for Mass Production of an Updraft Biomass Gasifier Cookstove: An Experimental Study
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(2), С. 63 - 72
Опубликована: Март 7, 2025
In
Cameroon,
renewable
energy
promotion
is
a
key
strategy
for
improving
security
and
fostering
employment
opportunities.
This
study
evaluates
the
performance,
emission
levels,
suitability
mass
production
of
novel
updraft
gasifier
biomass
cookstove.
The
assessment,
conducted
using
WBT
4.2.3
protocol,
focused
on
thermal
efficiency,
carbon
monoxide
(CO)
emissions,
particulate
matter
(PM<sub>2.5</sub>)
safety,
in
accordance
with
ISO/IWA
Tier
4
standards.
PM<sub>2.5
</sub>emissions
were
prioritised
due
to
their
significant
health
impacts.
A
Multiple
Criteria
Decision
Analysis
(MCDA)
was
used
assess
cookstove's
potential
production,
considering
criteria
such
as
manufacturability,
scalability,
fuel
savings,
usability,
durability,
maintainability,
portability,
cost/affordability,
weight,
space,
cultural
acceptability.
Results
showed
that
stove
achieved
2
efficiency
(≈25%).
Indoor
air
quality
tests
revealed
CO
emissions
at
both
low
high
power,
while
PM<sub>2.5</sub>
met
3
power
power.
safety
score
59/100,
corresponding
1.
Compared
traditional
3-stone
fire,
demonstrated
superior
indoor
quality,
specific
consumption,
safety.
MCDA
evaluation,
ranked
second
among
five
models,
confirming
its
commercial-scale
although
continuous
improvement
required.
highlights
first
cookstove
tested
Cameroon
contribute
sustainable
solutions.
Язык: Английский