Estimates for energy expenditure in free‐living animals using acceleration proxies: A reappraisal

Journal of Animal Ecology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 89(1), С. 161 - 172

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2019

Abstract It is fundamentally important for many animal ecologists to quantify the costs of activities, although it not straightforward do so. The recording triaxial acceleration by animal‐attached devices has been proposed as a way forward this, with specific suggestion that dynamic body (DBA) be used proxy movement‐based power. Dynamic now validated frequently, both in laboratory and field, literature still shows some aspects DBA theory practice are misunderstood. Here, we examine behind employ modelling approaches assess factors affect link between energy expenditure, from deployment tag, through calibration use field settings. Using data range species movement modes, illustrate vectorial additive metrics proportional each other. Either can summed estimate total expended over given period, or divided time give movement‐related metabolic Nonetheless, highlight how ability predict rate declines contribution non‐movement‐related factors, such heat production, increases. Overall, seems substantive power but consideration other metrics, static change pitch roll, may enable researchers refine costs, particularly animals where characterized marked changes acceleration.

Язык: Английский

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Learning shapes the development of migratory behavior

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(12)

Опубликована: Март 4, 2024

How animals refine migratory behavior over their lifetime (i.e., the ontogeny of migration) is an enduring question with important implications for predicting adaptive capacity migrants in a changing world. Yet, our inability to monitor movements individuals from early life onward has limited understanding migration. The exploration–refinement hypothesis posits that learning shapes migration long-lived species, resulting greater exploratory followed by more rapid and direct movement during later life. We test examining how white storks ( Ciconia ciconia ) balance energy, time, information as they develop first years Here, we show young birds reduce energy expenditure flight while also increasing gain exploring new places As age experience, older stop instead move quickly directly, flight. During spring migration, innovated novel shortcuts transition into adulthood, suggesting reliance on spatial memory acquired through learning. These incremental refinements provide support importance individual within long-distance

Язык: Английский

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The roller coaster flight strategy of bar-headed geese conserves energy during Himalayan migrations

Science, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 347(6219), С. 250 - 254

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2015

Geese need to hug the land fly high Animal migrations provide numerous examples of astonishing feats. Impressive even among these is migration bar-headed geese across Himalayan Mountains, which reach heights thousands meters. Bishop et al. remotely monitored birds' heart rates, movement, and body temperature during migration. The “hug” landforms, taking advantage drafting wind patterns. This unexpected strategy conserves energy, though it means repeatedly lose, must then regain, altitude. Science , this issue p. 250

Язык: Английский

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Adult vultures outperform juveniles in challenging thermal soaring conditions

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2016

Abstract Due to the potentially detrimental consequences of low performance in basic functional tasks, individuals are expected improve with age and show most marked changes during early stages life. Soaring-gliding birds use rising-air columns (thermals) reduce energy expenditure allocated flight. We offer a framework evaluate thermal soaring GPS-tracking study movements Eurasian griffon vultures ( Gyps fulvus ). Because location intensity thermals variable, we hypothesized that would experience predicted inexperienced (<2 months) be inferior experienced ones (>5 years). No differences were found body characteristics, climb rates under wind shear selection, presumably due vultures’ tendency forage mixed-age groups. Adults, however, outperformed juveniles their ability adjust fine-scale challenging conditions, as had lower intermediate shear, particularly on lee-side columns. Juveniles also less efficient along route both terms time energy. The these handicaps probably exacerbated if lag behind adults finding approaching food.

Язык: Английский

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Identification of animal movement patterns using tri-axial magnetometry

Movement Ecology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Март 9, 2017

Accelerometers are powerful sensors in many bio-logging devices, and increasingly allowing researchers to investigate the performance, behaviour, energy expenditure even state, of free-living animals. Another sensor commonly used animal-attached loggers is magnetometer, which has been primarily dead-reckoning or inertial measurement tags, but little outside that. We examine potential magnetometers for helping elucidate behaviour animals a manner analogous to, very different from, accelerometers. The particular responses movement means that there instances when they can resolve behaviours not easily perceived using accelerometers.We calibrated tri-axial magnetometer rotations each axis constructed 3-dimensional plots inspect these stylised movements. Using data Daily Diary attached individuals number animal species as perform behaviours, we 3-d develop framework with magnetometry be examined introduce metrics should help quantify behaviour..Tri-axial reveal patterns at various scales rotation always evident acceleration data. Some may obscure until visualised 3D space spherical (m-spheres). A tag-fitted rotates heading while adopting constant body attitude produces ring around pole m-sphere define its Normal Operational Plane (NOP). Data do lie on this created by postural it pitches and/or rolls. Consequently, stereotyped appear specific trajectories sphere (m-prints), reflecting conserved sequences changes (and/or angular velocities), result from precise relationship between heading. This novel approach shows promise identify terms posture, including heading.Magnetometer-based techniques enhance our capacity either technique alone, one complementary accelerometry.

Язык: Английский

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Wind turbines cause functional habitat loss for migratory soaring birds

Journal of Animal Ecology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 89(1), С. 93 - 103

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2019

Wind energy production has expanded to meet climate change mitigation goals, but negative impacts of wind turbines have been reported on wildlife. Soaring birds are among the most affected groups with alarming fatality rates by collision and an escalating occupation their migratory corridors. These described as changing flight trajectories avoid turbines, this behaviour may lead functional habitat loss, suitable soaring areas in proximity will likely be underused. We modelled displacement effect black kites (Milvus migrans) tracked GPS. also evaluated impact at scale landscape estimating how much area was lost turbines. used state-of-the-art tracking devices monitor movements 130 populated bottleneck Strait Gibraltar. Landscape use mapped from GPS data using dynamic Brownian bridge movement models, generalized additive mixed modelling estimate turbine bird while accounting for orographic thermal uplift availability. found that up approximately 674 m away were less than expected given potential. Within distance threshold, decreased estimated footprint 3%-14% our study area. present evidence industry greater previously acknowledged. In addition commonly fatalities, avoidance causes losses Authorities should recognize further establish new regulations protect habitat. showed can a fine publicly available data. Such approach plan low-impact placement developments.

Язык: Английский

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Individual-Based Tracking Systems in Ornithology: Welcome to the Era of Big Data

Ardeola, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 63(1), С. 103 - 103

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2016

Technological innovations have led to exciting fast-moving developments in science. Today, we are living a technology-driven era of biological discovery. Consequently, tracking technologies facilitated dramatic advances the fundamental understanding ecology and animal behaviour. Major technological improvements, such as development GPS dataloggers, geolocators other bio-logging technologies, provide volume data that were hitherto unconceivable. Hence can claim ornithology has entered big data. In this paper, which is particularly addressed undergraduate students starting researchers emerging field movement ecology, I summarise current state art individual-based methods for birds well most important challenges that, personal user, consider should address future. To end, first brief overview individual systems birds. then discuss with remote telemetry, including (i.e., tag miniaturisation, incorporation more sensors, better efficiency archiving processing), scientific new computational tools, investigation spatial temporal autocorrelation data, improvement environmental annotation processes, need novel behavioural segmentation algorithms, change from two three, even four, dimensions scale analysis, inclusion interactions). also highlight future prospects research set questions been answered by means telemetry or expected be Finally, some ethical aspects bird tracking, putting special emphases on getting out enhancing culture multidisciplinary collaboration among groups.

Язык: Английский

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The Use of Acceleration to Code for Animal Behaviours; A Case Study in Free-Ranging Eurasian Beavers Castor fiber

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 10(8), С. e0136751 - e0136751

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2015

Recent technological innovations have led to the development of miniature, accelerometer-containing electronic loggers which can be attached free-living animals. Accelerometers provide information on both body posture and dynamism used as descriptors define behaviour. We deployed tri-axial accelerometer 12 free-ranging Eurasian beavers Castor fiber in county Telemark, Norway, four captive (two two North American C. canadensis) corroborate acceleration signals with observed behaviours. By using random forests for classifying behavioural patterns from accelerometry data, we were able distinguish seven behaviours; standing, walking, swimming, feeding, grooming, diving sleeping. show how apply use determine behaviour, emphasise ease this non-invasive method implemented. Furthermore, discuss strengths weaknesses this, implementation animals, illustrating limitations, suggestions solutions. Ultimately, approach may also serve a template facilitating studies other animals similar locomotor modes deliver new insights into hitherto unknown aspects ecology.

Язык: Английский

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Physical limits of flight performance in the heaviest soaring bird

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 117(30), С. 17884 - 17890

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2020

Significance Flapping flight is extremely costly for large birds, yet little known about the conditions that force them to flap. We attached custom-made “flight recorders” Andean condors, world’s heaviest soaring documenting every single wingbeat and when how individuals gained altitude. Remarkably, condors flapped only 1% of their time, specifically during takeoff close ground. This particularly striking as birds were immature. Thus, our results demonstrate even inexperienced can cover vast distances over land without flapping. Overall, this help explain extinct with twice wingspan could have flown.

Язык: Английский

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New frontiers in bird migration research

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 32(20), С. R1187 - R1199

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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