Epidemiology, Clinical Significance, and Diagnosis of Respiratory Viruses and Their Co-Infections in the Post-COVID Era

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(3), С. 262 - 262

Опубликована: Март 7, 2025

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel human coronavirus, emerged in late 2019 and rapidly evolved into pandemic around the world. The disease (COVID-19) has dramatically changed epidemiology seasonality of other traditional viruses, e.g., influenza, syncytial virus, enterovirus, etc. These viruses have transmission mode clinical symptoms similar to SARS-CoV-2 but may differ outcomes management. Co-infection between one or more been reported literature shown mixed evidence outcomes. With evolving mild Omicron variants, it is believed that co-circulates with which turn affect course viral infections. In response these changes, multiplex molecular tests for are attracting attention field developed variety testing modalities. this review, we describe (i.e., Northern Hemisphere), epidemiology, significance their co-infection post-COVID era. Furthermore, review commonly used applications detection co-infections. Altogether, not only sheds light on infections co-infections era, also provides insights laboratory-based diagnoses using testing.

Язык: Английский

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Patterns of the Circulation of Influenza in a Targeted Jordanian Subpopulation from November 2021 to April 2023

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(4), С. 365 - 365

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025

Influenza remains a global health challenge, causing significant morbidity and mortality. This study explores the epidemiology of influenza A (IAV) B (IBV) during 2021-2023 winter seasons within targeted Jordanian subpopulation to inform public strategies. Nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in three major cities were analyzed. RT-PCR was utilized detect common pathogens, specific primers identified IAV (H1N1) pdm09, H3N2, IBV subtypes. Statistical analyses examined subtype frequencies their association demographics coinfection patterns. IAV, IBV, ICV detected 9.4%, 13.5%, 5.5% cases, respectively. Predominant strains pdm09 (55.8%), H3N2 (30.2%), Victoria lineage (98.4%). Coinfections frequently involved Bordetella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, while also showed coinfections Haemophilus influenzae type IAV. The predominance highlights need for strain-specific vaccination. Frequent underscore importance comprehensive diagnostics. Local strategies should focus on increasing vaccine coverage preventive education, especially adults urban populations.

Язык: Английский

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Epidemiological and Genetic Characteristics of Respiratory Viral Coinfections with Different Variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(6), С. 958 - 958

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024

This study aimed to determine the incidence and etiological, seasonal, genetic characteristics of respiratory viral coinfections involving severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Between October 2020 January 2024, nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 2277 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Two multiplex approaches used detect sequence SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B viruses, other seasonal viruses: real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) next-generation sequencing. Coinfections SARS-CoV-2 with viruses detected in 164 (7.2%) The most common co-infecting virus was syncytial (RSV) (38 cases, 1.7%), followed by bocavirus (BoV) (1.2%) rhinovirus (RV) (1.1%). Patients ≤ 16 years age had highest rate (15%) mixed infections. Whole-genome sequencing produced 19 complete genomes co-pathogens, which subjected phylogenetic amino acid analyses. classified into groups 6B.1A.5a.2a 6B.1A.5a.2a.1 for A(H1N1)pdm09, 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.1 3C.2a.2b A(H3N2), V1A.3a.2 B/Victoria lineage. RSV-B sequences belonged group GB5.0.5a, HAdV-C belonging type 1, BoV genotype VP1, PIV3 lineage 1a(i). Multiple substitutions identified, including at antibody-binding sites. provides insights reinforces importance characterization co-pathogens development therapeutic preventive strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Prevalence of Respiratory Viral Infections in Deceased Persons during the COVID-19 Pandemic Season 2021–2022: A Population-Based Observational Study

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(4), С. 533 - 533

Опубликована: Март 29, 2024

Although the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 circulated intensely during 2021–2022 season, many patients with severe acute respiratory disease tested negative for COVID-19. The aim this study was to assess presence different viruses in deceased persons. proportion persons viral infections season Navarre, Spain, estimated considering all deaths caused by confirmed COVID-19 according epidemiological surveillance and results multiplex PCR tests performed a sample cause death other than Of 3578 deaths, 324 (9.1%) were initially reported as pre-mortem A 242 who died causes post-mortem; 64 (26.4%) them positive any virus: 11.2% SARS-CoV-2, 5.8% rhinovirus, 3.7% human coronavirus, 2.5% metapneumovirus, 1.7% syncytial virus, parainfluenza, 1.2% influenza, less 1% each adenovirus bocavirus. Combining both approaches, we that 34.4% period had infection 19.2% SARS-CoV-2. Only 33.3% (9/27) 5.0% (2/40) detected post-mortem previously been pre-mortem. In very intense circulation pandemic, also frequently present Some most not diagnosed Several may contribute excess mortality winter.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus strains circulating among hospitalized children in Jordan

BMC Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2024

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) is a primary cause of severe pediatric respiratory infections, particularly in infants and young children, often resulting hospitalization. The virus possesses high degree mutagenic potential, contributing to significant antigenic diversity, which complicates immune responses poses challenges for vaccine development disease management. This study was conducted Jordan from 2022 2023 epidemiologically determine the prevalence molecular characteristics RSV. A total 288 nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs were collected hospitalized children at Prince Hamza Hospital, Amman, Jordan. All samples screened common viral bacterial pathogens using PCR. partial segment G gene RSV amplified characterization phylogenetic tree analysis. Viral and/or infection identified 71.9% (207/288) tested specimens. Among these, 35 (12.2%, 35/288) positive Specific subgroup PCR analysis (25, 71.4%) RSV-A, (4, 11.4%) RSV-B, (6, 17.1%) could not be our set primers. Phylogenetic revealed that RSV-A ON1 RSV-B BA9 genotype strains predominate We observed multiple substitutions studied sample would drive variation level antigenicity pathogenicity Glycosylation sites consistent with previously reported studies. provides updated epidemiological data on circulating their characteristics. Continuous surveillance informs development, guides public health interventions, enables timely administration prophylactic treatments, reducing burden RSV-related illness.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 coinfections among pertussis cases identified through the Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance system in the United States, January 2020–February 2023

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(12), С. e0311488 - e0311488

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2024

Background Bacterial and viral respiratory coinfections are common, but the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections among pertussis cases has not been estimated. We examine temporality patients describe clinical severity with without coinfections. Methods Confirmed probable individuals cough onset between January 1, 2020 February 15, 2023 were identified through surveillance in seven Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance (EPS) sites. a laboratory-confirmed infection detected within 30 days before or after defined as patient demographics, symptoms, severe complications outcomes (seizures, encephalopathy, pneumonia, hospitalization, death) by coinfection status. Results Among 765 reported during study period, was 0.78% [6/765]. six meeting definition, majority (83.3% [5/6]) had following onset. Compared to those no known coinfection, higher proportion (50.0% [3/6] vs. 5.2% [36/694]). Discussion Although low, more compared alone. Given decline COVID-19 pandemic, continued monitoring incidence alongside will be important burden returns pre-pandemic levels.

Язык: Английский

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Diagnosis, management, and outcomes of parechovirus infections in infants: an overview

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 62(6)

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2024

Parechovirus A (PeV-A) infections have been detected with increasing frequency in US infants under 6 months of age, leading to a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) health advisory July 2022. Clinicians are advised consider PeV-A laboratory testing blood cerebrospinal fluid when present unexplained fever, sepsis-like illness, or neurological issues. Clinical laboratories encouraged offer in-house molecular avoid diagnostic delays, unnecessary use antibiotics, prolonged hospitalization presenting illness. While data evolving on potential neurodevelopmental sequelae after infant central nervous system infections, most infected return baseline age. This review examines the literature focus PeV-A3, including aspects epidemiology, clinical presentations/management, diagnostics, genotyping, post-infectious related infants.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular detection of respiratory viruses: an observational study on respiratory co-infections in children and adults

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024

Язык: Английский

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