Tackling Multidrug Resistance in Streptococci – From Novel Biotherapeutic Strategies to Nanomedicines

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2020

The pyogenic streptococci group includes pathogenic species for humans and other animals has been associated with enduring morbidity high mortality. main reason the treatment failure of streptococcal infections is increased resistance to antibiotics. In recent years, infectious diseases caused by resistant multiple antibiotics have raising a significant impact public health veterinary industry. rise antibiotic-resistant diverse mechanisms, such as efflux pumps modifications antimicrobial target. Among streptococci, antibiotic emerges from previously sensitive populations result horizontal gene transfer or chromosomal point mutations due excessive use antimicrobials. Streptococci strains are also recognized biofilm producers. biofilms among promote persistent infection, which comprise circa 80% microbial in humans. Therefore, overcome drug resistance, new strategies, including antibacterial antibiofilm agents, studied. Interestingly, systems based on nanoparticles applied tackle infection reduce emergence resistance. Herein, we present synopsis mechanisms (pyogenic) discuss some innovative strategies alternative conventional antibiotics, bacteriocins, bacteriophage, phage lysins, metal nanoparticles. We shall provide focused discussion advantages limitations agents considering application, efficacy safety context host evolution bacterial

Язык: Английский

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Large-scale genomic analysis of antimicrobial resistance in the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis

BMC Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2021

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the gravest threats to human health and food security worldwide. The use of antimicrobials in livestock production can lead emergence AMR, which have direct effects on humans through spread zoonotic disease. Pigs pose a particular risk as they are source diseases receive more than most other livestock. Here we large-scale genomic approach characterise AMR Streptococcus suis , commensal found pigs, but also cause serious disease both pigs humans. Results We obtained replicated measures Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for 16 antibiotics, across panel 678 isolates, from major pig-producing regions world. For several drugs, there was no natural separation into ‘resistant’ ‘susceptible’, highlighting need treat MIC quantitative trait. differences MICs between countries, consistent with their patterns antimicrobial usage. levels were high even drugs not used S. many multidrug-resistant isolates. Similar associated transmission. next whole genome sequences each isolate identify 43 candidate determinants, 22 novel . presence these determinants explained variation MIC. But interesting complications, including epistatic interactions, where known alleles had effect some genetic backgrounds. Beta-lactam involved core variants small effect, appearing characteristic order. Conclusions present large dataset allowing analysis multiple contributing factors that observe reflected by antibiotic usage our results confirm potential data aid fight against AMR.

Язык: Английский

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Factors favouring the evolution of multidrug resistance in bacteria

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(168), С. 20200105 - 20200105

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2020

The evolution of multidrug antibiotic resistance in commensal bacteria is an important public health concern. Commensal such as Escherichia coli , Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus are also opportunistic pathogens causing a large fraction the community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacterial infections. Multidrug (MDR) makes these infections harder to treat with antibiotics may thus cause substantial additional morbidity mortality. Here, we develop evolutionary epidemiology model identify factors favouring MDR bacteria. describes species evolving host population subjected multiple treatments. We combine statistical analysis number simulations mathematical understand behaviour. find that evolves more readily when it less costly than expected from combinations single resistances (positive epistasis). frequently contact drugs prescribed population, even if individual hosts only treated drug at time. favoured structured different classes vary their rates treatment. However, under most circumstances, recombination between loci involved does not meaningfully affect equilibrium frequency MDR. Together, results suggest frequent outcome encounter variety population. A better characterization variability use across (e.g. age geographical location) would help predict which genotypes will evolve.

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary mechanisms that determine which bacterial genes are carried on plasmids

Evolution Letters, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 5(3), С. 290 - 301

Опубликована: Май 19, 2021

Abstract The evolutionary pressures that determine the location (chromosomal or plasmid-borne) of bacterial genes are not fully understood. We investigate these through mathematical modeling in context antibiotic resistance, which is often found on plasmids. Our central finding gene under positive frequency-dependent selection: higher frequency one form resistance compared to other, its relative fitness. This can keep moderately beneficial plasmids, despite occasional plasmid loss. For genes, dependence leads a priority effect: whichever acquired first—through either mutation horizontal transfer—has time increase and thus becomes difficult displace. Higher rates transfer plasmid-borne than chromosomal therefore predict will be Gene flow between chromosome allows forms arise, but selection prevents from establishing. Further shows this effect particularly pronounced when shared across large number species, suggesting plasmids because they many species. also revisit previous theoretical work—relating role local adaptation explaining persistence—in light our findings.

Язык: Английский

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Enhanced electrochemical removal of sulfadiazine using stainless steel electrode coated with activated algal biochar

Journal of Environmental Management, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 306, С. 114535 - 114535

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Large-scale bacterial genomic and metagenomic analysis reveals Pseudomonas aeruginosa as potential ancestral source of tigecycline resistance gene cluster tmexCD-toprJ

Microbiological Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 285, С. 127747 - 127747

Опубликована: Май 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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An Overview of the Genetic Mechanisms of Colistin-Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens: An Indian Perspective

Cureus, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2025

Colistin resistance in bacteria is a growing global issue, given its role as critical last-resort antibiotic, particularly for treating Gram-negative bacterial infections. Pathogens adopt multiple mechanisms, mediated either by plasmids or chromosomal changes. Some of the most frequently observed strategies include occurrence plasmid-borne mobile colistin (mcr) genes, enhanced efflux pump activity, mutations regulatory systems, and alterations lipid A structure. This article provides an overview studies investigating genetic mechanisms underlying nosocomial from India. total 37 were identified through online searches across various databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web Science. These reviewed to examine species their resistance. Over 26 (70.27%) focused on Klebsiella pneumoniae. The commonly reported mechanism involved two-component systems pmrAB phoPQ. Plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant mcr genes 22 (18.18%). Four overexpression comprehensive summary these studies, emphasizing presence diverse pathogens. It underscores necessity future genomic research broader range pathogens investigate prevalence different regions

Язык: Английский

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Revisiting the characteristics of nanomaterials, composites, hybrid and functionalized materials in medical microbiology

Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 250, С. 114556 - 114556

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Case-based surveillance of antimicrobial resistance with full susceptibility profiles

JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 1(3)

Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2019

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is essential for clinical decision-making and public health authorities to monitor patterns in evaluate the effectiveness interventions control measures. Existing AMR surveillance typically based on reports from hospital laboratories laboratories, comprising pathogen frequencies among each species detected. Here we propose an improved framework surveillance, which unit patients with specific conditions, rather than biological samples a particular type. In this 'case-based' denominators as well numerators will be clearly defined relevance more comparable at local, national international level. locations sufficient resources, individual-based data patient characteristics full antibiotic susceptibility profiles would provide high-quality evidence monitoring resistant pathogens importance, treatment infections responses outbreaks bacteria.

Язык: Английский

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Estimating the fitness cost and benefit of antimicrobial resistance from pathogen genomic data

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(203)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023

Increasing levels of antibiotic resistance in many bacterial pathogen populations are a major threat to public health. Resistance an provides fitness benefit when the bacteria exposed this antibiotic, but also often comes at cost resistant relative susceptible counterparts. We lack good understanding these benefits and costs for pathogens antibiotics, estimating them could lead better use antibiotics way that reduces or prevents spread resistance. Here, we propose new model joint epidemiology variants, which includes explicit parameters show how Bayesian inference can be performed under using phylogenetic data from lineages by combining both able disentangle estimate separately. applied our inferential methodology several simulated datasets demonstrate scalability accuracy. analysed dataset Neisseria gonorrhoeae genomes collected between 2000 2013 USA. found two unrelated fluoroquinolones shared similar epidemic dynamics parameters. Fluoroquinolones were abandoned treatment gonorrhoea due increasing resistance, results suggest they used treat minority around 10% cases without causing grow again.

Язык: Английский

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