Infectious disease in an era of global change

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 20(4), С. 193 - 205

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Lessons from the host defences of bats, a unique viral reservoir

Nature, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 589(7842), С. 363 - 370

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2021

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 exposure in wild white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus )

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(47)

Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2021

Widespread human SARS-CoV-2 infections combined with human-wildlife interactions create the potential for reverse zoonosis from humans to wildlife. We targeted white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) serosurveillance based on evidence these have angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors high affinity SARS-CoV-2, are permissive infection, exhibit sustained viral shedding, can transmit conspecifics, social behavior, and be abundant near urban centers. evaluated 624 prepandemic postpandemic serum samples wild four US states exposure. Antibodies were detected in 152 (40%) 2021 using a surrogate virus neutralization test. A subset of tested test showed concordance between tests. These data suggest populations assessed been exposed SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 proteases PLpro and 3CLpro cleave IRF3 and critical modulators of inflammatory pathways (NLRP12 and TAB1): implications for disease presentation across species

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(1), С. 178 - 195

Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2020

The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes two viral proteases (NSP3/papain-like protease and NSP5/3C-like protease) that are responsible for cleaving polyproteins during replication. Here, we discovered new functions the NSP3 NSP5 SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating they could directly cleave proteins involved in host innate immune response. We identified 3 were specifically selectively cleaved by or NSP5: IRF-3, NLRP12 TAB1, respectively. Direct cleavage IRF3 explain blunted Type-I IFN response seen infections while mediated TAB1 point to a molecular mechanism enhanced production cytokines inflammatory responThe observed COVID-19 patients. demonstrate mouse protein, one recognition site is not our in-vitro assay. pushed this comparative alignment IRF-3 homologs show lack presence cognate motifs contribute presentation disease cats tigers, example. Our findings provide an explanatory framework indepth studies into pathophysiology COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 and the human-animal interface: outbreaks on mink farms

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(1), С. 18 - 19

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2020

On Nov 5, the Ministry of Environment and Food Denmark announced culling all mink in country, estimated to total approximately 17 million animals.1Ministry DenmarkCOVID-19: must be culled.https://en.mfvm.dk/news/news/nyhed/covid-19-all-mink-in-denmark-must-be-culled/Date: 2020Date accessed: November 12, 2020Google Scholar The circulation severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had already been observed several months earlier, but reason for policy change was an alert from Danish National Institute Public Health, which found that viruses spilled back farms into community, during passage through virus accumulated mutations spike protein gene.2Lassaunière R Fonager J Rasmussen M et al.SARS-CoV-2 arising their spread humans.https://files.ssi.dk/Mink-cluster-5-short-report_AFO2Date: Spike are scrutinised because is crucial docking SARS-CoV-2 human cells therefore a key target vaccines therapeutic antibodies.3Poland Gregory A. Ovsyannikova Inna G Kennedy Richard B immunity: review applications phase 3 vaccine candidates.Lancet. 2020; 396: 1595-1606Summary Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (422) Google Preliminary analyses suggested isolated less easily neutralised by antibodies two nine humans infected with without mutations. effect small caused widespread concern media, suggesting under development would potentially rendered useless.2Lassaunière Following evidence, European Centre Disease Prevention Control WHO concluded risk population at large not increased, stressed importance surveillance human–animal interface rapid exchange information between virologists epidemiologists track possible viral changes could concern.4European ControlDetection new variants related mink. Rapid assessment.https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/RRA-SARS-CoV-2-in-mink-12-nov-2020.pdfDate: Scholar, 5WHOSARS-CoV-2 mink-associated variant strain—Denmark.https://www.who.int/csr/don/06-november-2020-mink-associated-sars-cov2-denmark/en/Date: example warning: spillover minks finding. It first reported Netherlands April, since has Spain, Italy, USA, Sweden, Greece.4European In most countries, infections on were identified contact tracing following confirmation COVID-19 symptomatic humans. Mink belong Mustelidae family, includes ferrets have used as animal model owing susceptibility SARS-CoV-2.6El Masry I von Dobschuetz S Plee L al.FAO production health papers 181. Exposure or animals wild, livestock, companion aquatic animals.http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca9959enDate Efficient transmission shown experimental infections, naive direct also indirect airborne spread.7Richard Kok A de Meulder D transmitted via air ferrets.Nat Commun. 113496Crossref (309) According Control, Europe 2750 produces more than 27 pelts per year. As farmed kept groups housed pens wire cages bedding generates lot dust, there ample opportunity once introduced farms. Introduction might go unnoticed detected serosurveys, disease mild inapparent, although upper lower tract infection symptoms documented well.8Oreshkova N Molenaar RJ Vreman minks, Netherlands, April May 2020.Eurosurveillance. 252001005Crossref (467) 9Molenaar Hakze-van der Honing RW al.Clinical pathological findings outbreaks (neovison vison).Vet Pathol. 57: 653-657Crossref (116) There some evidence differs depending breed, genetic factor worth exploring. Once introduced, experience it difficult stop transmission. Ongoing farm-to-farm observed, investigations exploring modes farms.10Bas Munnink O Sikkema RS al.Transmission humans.Science. (published online 10.)https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe5901Google unbridled emerging host leads accumulation Most developed farm-specific genomic signature then confirm people farm animals. Some genome sequences taken Dutch suggestive adaptation this host.2Lassaunière 10Bas Although plausible reduce fitness humans, given. major potential formation non-human reservoir where reintroduced suppressed even stopped. harbour high numbers number culled 2·7 million, 6·5 times registered cases. unclear how role considered, escaped wild mustelids other wildlife.11Olival KJ Cryan PM Amman BR al.Possibility reverse zoonotic free-ranging wildlife: case study bats.PLoS Pathog. 16e1008758Crossref (108) parallel influenza pandemics comes mind: avian swine continue evolve hosts, constituting permanent pandemic threat.12Freidl GS Meijer Bruin E al.Influenza animal-human interface: literature virological A(H5N1).Euro Surveill. 2014; 1920793Crossref (112) Therefore, cases negligible compared those epidemic, establishment unforeseeable consequences basis decisions cull Denmark. addition, these raises questions about intermediary hosts early stages pandemic. November, much-needed origins SARS-CoV-2.13WHOWHO-convened Global Study Origins SARS-CoV-2.https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/who-convened-global-study-of-the-origins-of-sars-cov-2Date: This will need beyond what currently known, including range food, fur, products. lessons learn fur sector countries: no global overview location such farms, mandatory programme. view our observations, urgently needed. declare competing interests.

Язык: Английский

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Zoonotic spillover: Understanding basic aspects for better prevention

Genetics and Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 44(1 suppl 1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

The transmission of pathogens from wild animals to humans is called "zoonotic spillover". Most human infectious diseases (60-75%) are derived that originally circulated in non-human animal species. This demonstrates spillover has a fundamental role the emergence new diseases. Understanding factors facilitate essential establish strategies focused on reduction frequency events. In this context, article describes basic aspects zoonotic and main involved events, considering inter-species interactions, phylogenetic distance between host species, environmental drivers, specific characteristics pathogens, animals, humans. As an example, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic discussed, indicating what can be learned public health emergency, applied Brazilian scenario. Finally, discusses actions prevent or reduce

Язык: Английский

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Assessing the risks of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife

One Health Outlook, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 3(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2021

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 likely emerged from a wildlife source with transmission to humans followed by rapid geographic spread throughout the globe and severe impacts on both human health global economy. Since onset of pandemic, there have been many instances human-to-animal involving companion, farmed zoo animals, limited evidence for into free-living wildlife. establishment reservoirs infection in wild animals would create significant challenges control could pose threat welfare conservation status We discuss potential exposure, onward persistence an initial selection mammals (bats, canids, felids, mustelids, great apes, rodents cervids). Dynamic risk assessment targeted surveillance are important tools early detection wildlife, here we describe framework collating synthesising emerging information inform Surveillance efforts should be integrated public veterinary initiatives provide insights role epidemiology SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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ACE2 receptor usage reveals variation in susceptibility to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection among bat species

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 5(5), С. 600 - 608

Опубликована: Март 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Optimising predictive models to prioritise viral discovery in zoonotic reservoirs

The Lancet Microbe, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 3(8), С. e625 - e637

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2022

Despite the global investment in One Health disease surveillance, it remains difficult and costly to identify monitor wildlife reservoirs of novel zoonotic viruses. Statistical models can guide sampling target prioritisation, but predictions from any given model might be highly uncertain; moreover, systematic validation is rare, drivers performance are consequently under-documented. Here, we use bat hosts betacoronaviruses as a case study for data-driven process comparing validating predictive probable reservoir hosts. In early 2020, generated an ensemble eight statistical that predicted host–virus associations developed priority recommendations potential bridge SARS-CoV-2. During time frame more than year, tracked discovery 47 new betacoronaviruses, validated initial predictions, dynamically updated our analytical pipeline. We found ecological trait-based performed well at predicting these hosts, whereas network methods consistently approximately or worse expected random. These findings illustrate importance modelling buffer against mixed-model quality highlight value including host ecology models. Our revised showed improved compared with ensemble, 400 species globally could undetected betacoronavirus show, through validation, machine learning help optimise undiscovered viruses illustrates how such approaches best implemented dynamic prediction, data collection, updating.

Язык: Английский

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The Remarkable Evolutionary Plasticity of Coronaviruses by Mutation and Recombination: Insights for the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Future Evolutionary Paths of SARS-CoV-2

Viruses, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(1), С. 78 - 78

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2022

Coronaviruses (CoVs) constitute a large and diverse subfamily of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. They are found in many mammals birds have great importance for the health humans farm animals. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, as well previous epidemics that were zoonotic origin, highlights studying evolution entire CoV order to understand how novel strains emerge which molecular processes affect their adaptation, transmissibility, host/tissue tropism, patho non-homologous genicity. In this review, we focus on studies over last two years reveal impact point mutations, insertions/deletions, intratypic/intertypic homologous recombination events CoVs. We discuss whether next generations vaccines should be directed against other proteins addition or instead spike. Based observed patterns subfamily, five scenarios future evolutionary path COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, within context, recently emerged Omicron (B.1.1.529) VoC.

Язык: Английский

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