Differential Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Active Tuberculosis: A Key to a Successful Tuberculosis Control Strategy

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Окт. 22, 2021

As an ancient infectious disease, tuberculosis (TB) is still the leading cause of death from a single agent worldwide. Latent TB infection (LTBI) has been recognized as largest source new cases and one biggest obstacles to achieving aim End Strategy. The latest data indicate that considerable percentage population with LTBI lack differential diagnosis between active (aTB) may be potential reasons for high morbidity mortality in countries burdens. tuberculin skin test (TST) used diagnose > 100 years, but it fails distinguish patients those aTB people who have received Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination. To overcome limitations TST, several tests interferon-gamma release assays developed, such Diaskintest, C-Tb test, EC-Test, T-cell spot assay, QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube, Gold-Plus, LIAISON Plus LIOFeron TB/LTBI. However, these methods cannot aTB. investigate why all aTB, we explained concept definition expounded on immunological mechanism this review. In addition, outlined research status, future directions, challenges diagnosis, including novel biomarkers derived Mycobacterium hosts, models algorithms, omics technologies, microbiota.

Язык: Английский

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Role of gut microbiota in infectious and inflammatory diseases

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Thousands of microorganisms compose the human gut microbiota, fighting pathogens in infectious diseases and inhibiting or inducing inflammation different immunological contexts. The microbiome is a dynamic complex ecosystem that helps proliferation, growth, differentiation epithelial immune cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Disorders cause alteration this microbiota lead an imbalance host's regulation. Growing evidence supports microbial community associated with development progression inflammatory diseases. Therefore, understanding interaction between modulation system fundamental mechanisms involved pathologies, as well for search new treatments. Here we review main bacteria capable impacting response pathologies discuss by which can alter disease outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota and Immunity during Respiratory Infections: Lung and Gut Affair

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(7), С. 4051 - 4051

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2024

Bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases, leading to worldwide morbidity mortality. In past 10 years, importance of lung microbiota emerged in context pulmonary although mechanisms by which it impacts intestinal environment have not yet been fully identified. On contrary, gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with disease etiology or/and development lung. this review, we present an overview microbiome modifications occurring during infections, namely, reduced community diversity increased burden, downstream consequences on host–pathogen interaction, inflammatory signals, cytokines production, turn affecting progression outcome. Particularly, focus role gut–lung bidirectional communication shaping inflammation immunity context, resuming both animal human studies. Moreover, discuss challenges possibilities related novel microbial-based (probiotics dietary supplementation) microbial-targeted therapies (antibacterial monoclonal antibodies bacteriophages), aimed remodel composition resident communities restore health. Finally, propose outlook some relevant questions field be answered future research, may translational relevance for prevention control infections.

Язык: Английский

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Predominance of Escherichia-Shigella in Gut Microbiome and Its Potential Correlation with Elevated Level of Plasma Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Patients with Tuberculous Meningitis

Microbiology Spectrum, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(6)

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2022

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most lethal and disabling form of tuberculosis (TB), may be related to gut microbiota composition, warranting further study. Here we systematically compared compositions blood cytokine profiles TBM patients, pulmonary TB healthy controls. Notably, significant dysbiosis observed in patients was associated with markedly high proportions Escherichia-Shigella species as well increased levels tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) interleukin 6 (IL-6). Next, obtained a fecal bacterial isolate from patient administered it via oral gavage mice order develop murine model for use exploring mechanisms underlying relationship between microbial TBM. Thereafter, cells commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli) were isolated by then inoculated Mycobacterium (M. tuberculosis). Subsequently, these exhibited TNF-α accompanied downregulated expression tight junction protein claudin-5, brain tissue burden, elevated central nervous system inflammation relative corresponding indicators controls PBS gavage. Thus, our results demonstrated that signature dysbiotic microbiome profile containing proportion E. potentially an circulating level patients. Collectively, suggest modulation holds promise new strategy preventing or alleviating IMPORTANCE As severe tuberculosis, pathogenesis tuberculous (TBM) is still unclear. Gut plays important role variety diseases. However, has not been identified. In study, composition plasma noted A shown increase downregulate claudin-5 model. Gavage administration aggravated burden inflammatory responses after M. infection. Dysbiosis promising therapeutic target biomarker prevention treatment.

Язык: Английский

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The role of microbiota in respiratory health and diseases, particularly in tuberculosis

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 143, С. 112108 - 112108

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2021

Trillions of beneficial and hostile microorganisms live in the human respiratory gastrointestinal tracts, which act as gatekeepers maintaining health, i.e., protecting body from pathogens by colonizing mucosal surfaces with microbiota-derived antimicrobial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids or host-derived cytokines chemokines. It is widely accepted that microbiome interacts each other host a mutually relationship. Microbiota tract may also play crucial role immune homeostasis, maturation, maintenance physiology. Anti-TB antibiotics cause dysbiosis lung intestinal microbiota, affecting colonization resistance making more susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection. This review discusses recent advances our understanding microbiota composition, lungs related health diseases, sequencing analysis, bloodstream, lymphatic system underpin gut-lung axis M. tuberculosis-infected humans animals. We discuss interactions system, TB pathogenesis, impact anti-TB antibiotic therapy on animals, humans, drug-resistant individuals.

Язык: Английский

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Climate change drives loss of bacterial gut mutualists at the expense of host survival in wild meerkats

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(20), С. 5816 - 5828

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2023

Abstract Climate change and climate‐driven increases in infectious disease threaten wildlife populations globally. Gut microbial responses are predicted to either buffer or exacerbate the negative impacts of these twin pressures on host populations. However, examples that document how gut communities respond long‐term shifts climate associated risk, consequences for survival, rare. Over past two decades, wild meerkats inhabiting Kalahari have experienced rapidly rising temperatures, which is linked spread tuberculosis (TB). We show over same period, faecal microbiota this population has become enriched Bacteroidia impoverished lactic acid bacteria (LAB), a group including Lactococcus Lactobacillus considered mutualists. These occurred within individuals yet were compounded generations, better explained by mean maximum temperatures than rainfall previous year. Enriched additionally with TB exposure disease, dry season poorer body condition, factors all directly reduced future survival. Lastly, abundances LAB taxa independently positively while did not predict Together, results point towards extreme driving an expansion disease‐associated pathobiome loss beneficial taxa. Our study provides first evidence from longitudinally sampled restructuring microbiota, changes may amplify through While plastic response host‐associated microbiotas key adaptation under normal environmental fluctuations, temperature might lead breakdown coevolved host–mutualist relationships.

Язык: Английский

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Treatments of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Toxoplasma gondii with Selenium Nanoparticles

BioNanoScience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1), С. 249 - 277

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2023

Toxoplasma gondii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are pathogens that harmful to humans. When these diseases interact in humans, the result is typically fatal public health. Several investigations on relationship between M. T. infections have found there a strong correlation them with each infection having reciprocal effect other. TB may contribute reactivation of innate toxoplasmosis or enhance susceptibility new infection, toxoplasma co-infection worsen severity pulmonary tuberculosis. As consequence, an earnest urgent necessity generate novel therapeutics can subdue challenges. Selenium nanostructures' compelling properties been shown be successful treatment for gondii. Despite fact selenium (Se) offers many health advantages people, it also has narrow therapeutic window; therefore, consuming too much either inorganic organic compounds based hazardous. Compared both Se, Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) less They biocompatible excellent selectively targeting specific cells. this review conducted summary efficacy biogenic NPs (TB) toxoplasmosis. tuberculosis, gondii, their were all briefly described.

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Gut and Lung Microbiota in Susceptibility to Tuberculosis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 18(22), С. 12220 - 12220

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2021

Tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases and causes death worldwide. Over last decades, significant research effort has been directed towards defining understanding pathogenesis tuberculosis to improve diagnosis therapeutic options. Emerging scientific evidence indicates a possible role human microbiota in pathophysiology tuberculosis, response therapy, clinical outcomes, post-treatment outcomes. Although studies on are limited, published data recent years, both from experimental studies, suggest that better gut–lung microbiome axis microbiome–immune crosstalk could shed light specific pathogenetic mechanisms Mycobacterium infection identify new targets. In this review, we address current knowledge host immune responses against infection, emerging how gut lung can modulate susceptibility available use probiotic–antibiotic combination therapy for treatment gaps future priorities field.

Язык: Английский

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The implication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-mediated metabolism of targeted xenobiotics

Nature Reviews Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(5), С. 340 - 354

Опубликована: Март 20, 2023

Язык: Английский

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BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS AND THE DRUG SENSITIVITY TEST PATTERNS.

PubMed, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 19(1), С. 21 - 28

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Other microbial infections in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients pose significant challenges, complicating treatment outcomes and potentially increasing mortality rates. This study aims to characterize the bacterial fungal profiles TB patients.

Язык: Английский

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