Changes to Public Health Surveillance Methods Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review

JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10, С. e49185 - e49185

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2023

Public health surveillance plays a vital role in informing public decision-making. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic early 2020 caused widespread shift priorities. Global efforts focused on monitoring and contact tracing. Existing programs were interrupted due to physical distancing measures reallocation resources. intersected with advancements technologies that have potential support efforts.

Язык: Английский

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Biodiversity data supports research on human infectious diseases: Global trends, challenges, and opportunities

One Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16, С. 100484 - 100484

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2023

The unprecedented generation of large volumes biodiversity data is consistently contributing to a wide range disciplines, including disease ecology. Emerging infectious diseases are usually zoonoses caused by multi-host pathogens. Therefore, their understanding may require the access related ecology and occurrence species involved. Nevertheless, despite several data-mobilization initiatives, usage for research into dynamics has not yet been fully leveraged. To explore current contribution, trends, identify limitations, we characterized in scientific publications human health, contrasting patterns studies citing Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) with those obtaining from other sources. We found that mainly obtained literature aggregated or standardized Most explored pathogen and, particularly GBIF-mediated data, tended reuse multiple (>2). Data sources varied according taxa epidemiological roles repositories were used hosts, reservoirs, vectors, barely as source pathogens which was animal-health institutions. While both GBIF- similar topics, they presented discipline biases different analytical approaches. Research on emerging geographical ecological species. One Health challenge requires interdisciplinary collaboration sharing, facilitated platforms. contribution understand should be acknowledged, strengthened, promoted.

Язык: Английский

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A review of emerging health threats from zoonotic New World mammarenaviruses

BMC Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2024

Abstract Despite repeated spillover transmission and their potential to cause significant morbidity mortality in human hosts, the New World mammarenaviruses remain largely understudied. These viruses are endemic South America, with animal reservoir hosts covering large geographic areas whose ecology driven part by land use change agriculture that put humans regular contact zoonotic hosts. We compiled published studies about Guanarito virus, Junin Machupo Chapare Sabia Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus review state of knowledge viral hemorrhagic fevers caused mammarenaviruses. summarize what is known rodent reservoirs, conditions for each these pathogens, characteristics populations at greatest risk fever diseases. also implications outbreaks biosecurity concerns where diseases endemic, steps countries can take strengthen surveillance increase capacity local healthcare systems. While there unique risks posed six viruses, ecological epidemiological similarities suggest common mitigate better contain future outbreaks.

Язык: Английский

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Uncovering the Holocene roots of contemporary disease-scapes: bringing archaeology into One Health

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 290(2012)

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2023

The accelerating pace of emerging zoonotic diseases in the twenty-first century has motivated cross-disciplinary collaboration on One Health approaches, combining microbiology, veterinary and environmental sciences, epidemiology for outbreak prevention mitigation. Such outbreaks are often caused by spillovers attributed to human activities that encroach wildlife habitats ecosystems, such as land use change, industrialized food production, urbanization animal trade. While origin anthropogenic effects ecology biogeography can be traced Late Pleistocene, archaeological record—a long-term archive human–animal–environmental interactions—has largely been untapped these thus limiting our understanding dynamics over time. In this review, we examine how humans, niche constructors, have facilitated new host species ‘disease-scapes’ from Pleistocene Anthropocene, viewing zooarchaeological, bioarchaeological palaeoecological data with a perspective. We also highlight biomolecular tools advances ‘-omics’ holistically coupled reconstructions service studying disease emergence re-emergence.

Язык: Английский

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Ecological super‐spreaders drive host–range oscillations: Omicron and risk space for emerging infectious disease

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 69(5)

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2022

The unusual genetic diversity of the Omicron strain has led to speculation about its origin. mathematical modelling platform developed for Stockholm Paradigm (SP) indicates strongly that it retro-colonized humans from an unidentified nonhuman mammal, likely originally infected by humans. relationship between and all other SARS-CoV-2 variants oscillations among hosts, a core part SP. Such result emergence novel following colonization new replenishing expanding risk space disease emergence. SP predicts pathogens colonize hosts using pre-existing capacities. Those events are thus predictable certain extent. Novel emerge after not predictable. This makes imperative take proactive measures anticipating emerging infectious diseases (EID) mitigating their impact. suggests policy protocol, DAMA, accomplish this goal. DAMA comprises: DOCUMENT detect before they in places or hosts; ASSESS determine risk; MONITOR changes pathogen populations increase outbreaks ACT prevent when possible minimize impact occur.

Язык: Английский

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Engaging with the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing: recommendations for noncommercial biodiversity researchers

Journal of Mammalogy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 104(3), С. 430 - 443

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023

Abstract The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol Access Benefit-Sharing provide an international legal framework that aims to prevent misappropriation of genetic resources a country ensure fair equitable sharing benefits arising from their use. legislation was negotiated at behest lower-income, biodiverse countries derived research development within jurisdictions were equitably returned could thereby incentivize conservation sustainable use biodiversity. Despite good intentions, however, rapid adoption access benefit-sharing measures national level, often without participatory strategic planning, has hampered noncommercial, collaborative with counterproductive consequences for biodiversity We outline how current implementation affect noncommercial research, such as conducted in many disciplines biology, including mammalogy. case study Brazil, early adopter, illustrate some challenges highlight downstream emerging pathogen public health. Most pathogens colonize or jump humans nonhuman mammals, but zoonotic diseases is complicated by potential commercial applications. Last, we identify proactive ways mammalogical community engage Protocol, through nonmonetary working local natural history collections. Leveraging scientific societies collectively communicate needs science policy makers will be critical ensuring appropriate accommodations are research.

Язык: Английский

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A framework for managing infectious diseases in rural areas in low- and middle-income countries in the face of climate change—East Africa as a case study

PLOS Global Public Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(1), С. e0003892 - e0003892

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Climate change is having unprecedented impacts on human health, including increasing infectious disease risk. Despite this, health systems across the world are currently not prepared for novel scenarios anticipated with climate change. While need to develop adaptation strategies has been stressed in past, there no clear consensus how this can be achieved, especially rural areas low- and middle-income countries that experience high burdens simultaneously. Here, we highlight put context of demonstrate achieved by taking into account all aspects risk (i.e., pathogen hazards, exposure vulnerability these hazards). The framework focuses communities East Africa since region impacts, present specific vulnerabilities climate-related have regular a burden diseases. Implementing outlined approach help make adapted avoid slowing momentum towards achieving global grand challenge targets.

Язык: Английский

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Human head models and populational framework for simulating brain stimulations

Scientific Data, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Март 27, 2025

Abstract Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is pivotal in studying human brain-behavior relations and treating disorders. NIBS effectiveness relies on informed targeting of specific regions, a challenge due to anatomical differences between humans. Computational volumetric head modeling can capture individual effects enable comparison across population. However, most studies implementing use single-head model, ignoring morphological variability, potentially skewing interpretation, realistic precision. We present comprehensive dataset 100 models with variable tissue conductivity values, lead-field matrices, standard-space co-registrations, quality-assured segmentations provide large sample healthy adult variance. Leveraging the Human Connectome Project s1200 release, this powers population for target optimization, MEEG source simulations, advanced meta-analysis studies. performed quality assessment each mesh, which included semi-manual segmentation accuracy correction finite-element analysis measures. This will facilitate developments academic clinical research.

Язык: Английский

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Collectomics – towards a new framework to integrate museum collections to address global challenges

Опубликована: Март 28, 2025

Collections’ digitisation is a priority in many natural history collections, and publicly available datasets are expanding rapidly. The potential value of collections remains largely untapped even modern research, because the vast scope dwarfs current efforts at data mobilisation. Collections continually expanding, there an estimated 3 billion undigitised specimen records worldwide. In this review, we use simple model to illustrate that global will not succeed until late 21 st century earliest, unless new technologies harnessed commitments by funding bodies society made. As advance toward digitisation, equally important consideration majority these digital only represent fraction information potentially from collection objects. term “collectomics” was coined discussions within Senckenberg institution as phrase for frameworks embrace all future knowledge derived specimens. This expands on concept museomics, which originally defined focus molecular generated museum Rooted extended specimen, collectomics encompasses metadata, images, traits, DNA, further extracted with yet unknown applications, connected environmental other historical contextual information. Thus, view under limited but directly integrates evolutionary, ecosystem social sciences, including human contributions collectors, donors, researchers past future. A envisions seamless integration multidimensional specimen-based data, interoperability among historical, artistic, ethnographic, generate needed tackle challenges.

Язык: Английский

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Innovations that changed mammalogy: frozen tissue collections

Journal of Mammalogy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2025

Abstract Freezing has proven to be an ideal means for preserving tissues molecular research on mammals. Here, we trace the origins, early practices, and rapid growth of frozen tissue collections better understand history, science, people that led development recent these internationally valuable resources. Frozen grew gradually from rudimentary beginnings in 1970s but have expanded rapidly years, providing data studies biodiversity, phylogenetics, emerging pathogens, isotopes, contaminants, among other avenues research. Over decades, field collecting storage changed significantly. In mid-1980s, example, polymerase chain reaction—which allowed researchers amplify a specific segment DNA many times over—reinforced importance resources burgeoning genetics. Ultracold mechanical freezers hold at −80 °C became, remain, popular because their ease use delayed degradation. Portable liquid nitrogen dewars evolved metal tanks compact “dry shippers” with absorbent liner can maintain low temperatures 30 d without being refilled are commonplace field. Larger, vapor-phase cryotanks becoming increasingly long-term preservation they safeguard thermal fluctuation may induced by temporary electrical failures. More than 1.5 million samples associated museum voucher preparations now preserved worldwide, allowing in-depth study mammalian genetics investigation questions were unimaginable even few years ago.

Язык: Английский

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