Human head models and populational framework for simulating brain stimulations

Scientific Data, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Март 27, 2025

Abstract Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is pivotal in studying human brain-behavior relations and treating disorders. NIBS effectiveness relies on informed targeting of specific regions, a challenge due to anatomical differences between humans. Computational volumetric head modeling can capture individual effects enable comparison across population. However, most studies implementing use single-head model, ignoring morphological variability, potentially skewing interpretation, realistic precision. We present comprehensive dataset 100 models with variable tissue conductivity values, lead-field matrices, standard-space co-registrations, quality-assured segmentations provide large sample healthy adult variance. Leveraging the Human Connectome Project s1200 release, this powers population for target optimization, MEEG source simulations, advanced meta-analysis studies. performed quality assessment each mesh, which included semi-manual segmentation accuracy correction finite-element analysis measures. This will facilitate developments academic clinical research.

Язык: Английский

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Collectomics – towards a new framework to integrate museum collections to address global challenges

Опубликована: Март 28, 2025

Collections’ digitisation is a priority in many natural history collections, and publicly available datasets are expanding rapidly. The potential value of collections remains largely untapped even modern research, because the vast scope dwarfs current efforts at data mobilisation. Collections continually expanding, there an estimated 3 billion undigitised specimen records worldwide. In this review, we use simple model to illustrate that global will not succeed until late 21 st century earliest, unless new technologies harnessed commitments by funding bodies society made. As advance toward digitisation, equally important consideration majority these digital only represent fraction information potentially from collection objects. term “collectomics” was coined discussions within Senckenberg institution as phrase for frameworks embrace all future knowledge derived specimens. This expands on concept museomics, which originally defined focus molecular generated museum Rooted extended specimen, collectomics encompasses metadata, images, traits, DNA, further extracted with yet unknown applications, connected environmental other historical contextual information. Thus, view under limited but directly integrates evolutionary, ecosystem social sciences, including human contributions collectors, donors, researchers past future. A envisions seamless integration multidimensional specimen-based data, interoperability among historical, artistic, ethnographic, generate needed tackle challenges.

Язык: Английский

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Innovations that changed mammalogy: frozen tissue collections

Journal of Mammalogy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2025

Abstract Freezing has proven to be an ideal means for preserving tissues molecular research on mammals. Here, we trace the origins, early practices, and rapid growth of frozen tissue collections better understand history, science, people that led development recent these internationally valuable resources. Frozen grew gradually from rudimentary beginnings in 1970s but have expanded rapidly years, providing data studies biodiversity, phylogenetics, emerging pathogens, isotopes, contaminants, among other avenues research. Over decades, field collecting storage changed significantly. In mid-1980s, example, polymerase chain reaction—which allowed researchers amplify a specific segment DNA many times over—reinforced importance resources burgeoning genetics. Ultracold mechanical freezers hold at −80 °C became, remain, popular because their ease use delayed degradation. Portable liquid nitrogen dewars evolved metal tanks compact “dry shippers” with absorbent liner can maintain low temperatures 30 d without being refilled are commonplace field. Larger, vapor-phase cryotanks becoming increasingly long-term preservation they safeguard thermal fluctuation may induced by temporary electrical failures. More than 1.5 million samples associated museum voucher preparations now preserved worldwide, allowing in-depth study mammalian genetics investigation questions were unimaginable even few years ago.

Язык: Английский

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Phylogenetic and ecological drivers of the avian lung mycobiome and its potentially pathogenic component

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2025

Vertebrate lungs contain diverse microbial communities, but little is known about the drivers of community composition or consequences for health. Microbiome assembly by processes such as dispersal, coevolution, and host-switching can be probed with comparative surveys; however, few studies exist lung microbiomes, particularly fungal component, mycobiome. Distinguishing among taxa that are generalist specialist symbionts, potential pathogens, incidentally inhaled spores urgent because emerging diseases. Here, we characterize avian mycobiome test relative influences environment, phylogeny, functional traits. We used metabarcoding culturing from 195 samples representing 32 bird species across 20 families. identified 526 estimated distinct sequence types (zOTUs) including many opportunistic pathogens. These were predominantly phylum Ascomycota (79%) followed Basidiomycota (16%) Mucoromycota (5%). Yeast yeast-like (Malassezia, Filobasidium, Saccharomyces, Meyerozyma, Aureobasidium) filamentous fungi (Cladosporium, Alternaria, Neurospora, Fusarium, Aspergillus) abundant. Lung mycobiomes strongly shaped environmental exposure, further modulated host identity, traits, phylogenetic affinities. Our results implicate migratory vectors long-distance dispersal opportunistically pathogenic fungi.

Язык: Английский

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P4PP: an universal shotgun proteomics data analysis pipeline for virus identification

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 101004 - 101004

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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