Estimating the frequency of virulence against an Stb gene in Zymoseptoria tritici populations by bulk phenotyping on checkerboard microcanopies of wheat near‐isogenic lines

Plant Pathology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 73(6), С. 1573 - 1585

Опубликована: Март 16, 2024

Abstract Monitoring virulent strains within pathogen populations is crucial to improve host resistance deployment strategies. Such monitoring increasingly involves field pathogenomics studies of molecular polymorphisms in genomes based on high‐throughput screening technologies. However, it not always straightforward predict virulence phenotypes from these polymorphisms, and planta phenotyping remains necessary. We developed a method for ‘bulk checkerboard microcanopies wheat near‐isogenic lines’ (BPC) estimating the frequency against gene mixed fungal Zymoseptoria tritici , causal agent Septoria blotch (STB) wheat, without need strain‐by‐strain phenotyping. Our uniform inoculation microcanopy two lines—one with target other it—with multistrain mixture isolates representative population be characterized, followed by differential quantification infection points (lesions). Using Stb16q that has recently broken down Europe, we found robust correlation between ratio mean number lesions each line inoculum. pairs avirulent strains, as well synthetic consisting 10 different proportions, validated principle established standard curves at frequencies close those observed natural conditions. discuss potential this combination methods.

Язык: Английский

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Defense Pathways of Wheat Plants Inoculated with Zymoseptoria tritici under NaCl Stress Conditions: An Overview

Life, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(5), С. 648 - 648

Опубликована: Май 20, 2024

Due to being sessile, plants develop a broad range of defense pathways when they face abiotic or biotic stress factors. Although are subjected more than one type at time in nature, the combined effects either multiple stresses kind (abiotic biotic) kinds and have now been realized agricultural lands due increases global warming environmental pollution, along with population increases. Soil-borne pathogens, pathogens infecting aerial parts, can devastating on other stressors. Obtaining yields crops from sensitive moderately resistant could be impossible, it very difficult plants. The mechanisms many previously studied elucidated. Recent studies proposed new through signaling cascades. In light these mechanisms, is appropriate strategies for crop protection under conditions. This may involve using disease-resistant stress-tolerant plant varieties, implementing proper irrigation drainage practices, improving soil quality. However, generation both crucial importance. establishment database understanding conditions would meaningful development tolerant It clear that leaf show great tolerance salinity result pathogenicity We noticed regulation stomata biochemical applications some effort upregulation minor gene expressions indirectly involved way increase metabolites without interfering quality parameters. this review, we selected wheat as model Zymoseptoria tritici pathogen evaluate saline physiological, biochemical, molecular suggested various ways generate cereal

Язык: Английский

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First Insight into the Degradome of Aspergillus ochraceus: Novel Secreted Peptidases and Their Inhibitors

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(13), С. 7121 - 7121

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

Aspergillus fungi constitute a pivotal element within ecosystems, serving as both contributors of biologically active compounds and harboring the potential to cause various diseases across living organisms. The organism's proteolytic enzyme complex, termed degradome, acts an intermediary in its dynamic interaction with surrounding environment. Using techniques such genome transcriptome sequencing, alongside protein prediction methodologies, we identified putative extracellular peptidases ochraceus VKM-F4104D. Following manual annotation procedures, total 11 aspartic, 2 cysteine, glutamic, 21 serine, 1 threonine, metallopeptidases were attributed degradome A. Among them are enzymes promising applications biotechnology, targets agents for antifungal therapy, microbial antagonism factors. Thus, additional functionalities extending beyond mere substrate digestion nutritional purposes, demonstrated.

Язык: Английский

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Stomatal penetration: the cornerstone of plant resistance to the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici

BMC Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2024

Abstract Background Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the foliar fungus Zymoseptoria , is one of most damaging disease wheat in Europe. Genetic resistance against this relies on different types from non-host (NHR) and host species specific (HSSR) to mediated quantitative trait loci (QTLs) or major genes ( Stb ). Characterizing diversity theses resistances great importance for breeding cultivars with efficient durable resistance. While functional mechanisms underlying these are not well understood, increasing piece evidence suggest that stomatal penetration early establishment apoplast both crucial outcome some interactions between Z. plants. To validate extend previous observations, we conducted comparative phenotypical cytological analyses infection process corresponding 22 plant isolates. These included four bread genes, accessions contrasting resistance, two resistant isolates all (NHR). Results Infiltration spores into leaves allowed partial bypass durum but other plants species. Quantitative analysis showed non-grass Nicotiana benthamiana was stopped before penetration. By contrast, grass plants, stopped, at least partly, during The intensity control varied depending types, being effective. also demonstrated -mediated resistances, HSSR NHR, relied strong growth inhibition few penetrating hyphae their entry point sub-stomatal cavity. Conclusions In addition furnishing a robust assessment system, our study uncovered three stopping patterns resistances. Stomatal found important independently its type HSSR, NHR). results provided basis improvement.

Язык: Английский

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Embracing Biological Control of Septoria Tritici Blotch for Sustainable Wheat Protection

Journal of Phytopathology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 172(5)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Wheat, one of the top‐produced cereals worldwide, is affected by many abiotic and biotic stresses, such as ascomycete fungus Zymoseptoria tritici , causal agent Septoria blotch (STB). STB has historically been managed with fungicides, but pathogen readily overcomes chemical control because its rapid genetic evolution. In addition, fungicides are now being banned or limited governments aiming for more environment‐friendly methods pest management. This scenario gave rise to thinking about alternative means biological agents (BCAs) organism‐derived biomolecules (ODBs). this work, we review microbial BCA candidates ODBs currently studied STB. Key studies have identified successful including bacterial strains genera Pseudomonas Bacillus fungal Trichoderma harzianum Penicillium olsonii Acremonium alternatum . lesser‐studied fungi, bacteria compounds tested. Despite promising research, no ODB registered commercially used against STB, field trials notably lacking, existing in scale. Further understanding interactions between Z. wheat microbiome may uncover new potential biocontrol.

Язык: Английский

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