Experimental evolution of a pathogen confronted with innate immune memory increases variation in virulence DOI Creative Commons
Ana Korša, Moritz Baur, Nora K. E. Schulz

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2024

Abstract Understanding the drivers and mechanisms of virulence evolution is still a major goal evolutionary biologists epidemiologists. Theory predicts that way evolves depends on balance between benefits costs it provides to pathogen fitness. Additionally, host responses infections, such as resistance or tolerance, play critical role in shaping evolution. But, while pathogens has been traditionally studied under selection pressure adaptive immunity, less known about their when confronted simpler effective forms immunity immune priming. In this study, we used well-established insect model for priming – red flour beetles bacterial Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis test whether form innate memory favors higher virulence. Through controlled experimental primed versus non-primed hosts, found no change average after eight cycles host. However, significant increase variation (i.e., host-killing ability) among independent lines evolved host, bacteria were unable evolve against Whole genome sequencing revealed increased activity mobilome (prophages plasmids). Expression Cry toxin well-known factor was linked differences copy number cry -carrying plasmid, though did not correlate directly with These findings highlight can drive variability traits, which may favor adaptation variable environments. This underscores need consider response applying these medicine, aquaculture, pest control, mass production.

Язык: Английский

Harnessing immune priming: A double‐edged defence mechanism in insects DOI Open Access

Seena R. Subhagan,

Berin Pathrose, Mani Chellappan

и другие.

Physiological Entomology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2024

Abstract Insects are known to dominate adverse ecological conditions due their diverse adaptations and resilient biological traits, with immune systems playing a crucial role in this dominance. Traditionally, insects were thought lack adaptive responses inability produce antibodies transfer immunity across generations. However, recent research using as model organisms has challenged notion, revealing that prior exposure sublethal doses of pathogens or pathogen‐derived materials can protect against subsequent lethal exposures—a phenomenon ‘immune priming’. Evidence bacterial, fungal viral priming different insect species highlights various types priming, including trans‐stadial (across life stages) trans‐generational generations) priming. Despite differing views on its potential applications agriculture considerable, especially control, the utilization beneficial sustainable pest management. This review explores intricate dynamics insects, comparing it vertebrate investigates mechanisms, agricultural future prospects.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

3
Multigenerational immunotoxicity assessment: A three-generation study in Drosophila melanogaster upon developmental exposure to triclosan DOI
Sandeep Kumar, Leonard Clinton D’Souza,

Falaknaaz Shaikh

и другие.

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 125860 - 125860

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Phytohormonal signaling network and immune priming pertinence in plants to defend against insect herbivory DOI Creative Commons

K. Prakash,

M. Murugan, V. Balasubramani

и другие.

Plant Stress, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100850 - 100850

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Genetic Variation in Trophic Avoidance Behaviour Shows Fruit Flies are Generally Attracted to Bacterial Substrates DOI Creative Commons
Katy M. Monteith, Phoebe Thornhill, Pedro F. Vale

и другие.

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(11)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Pathogen avoidance behaviours are often assumed to be an adaptive host defence. However, there is limited experimental data on heritable, intrapopulation phenotypic variation for avoidance, a strong prerequisite responses selection. We investigated trophic pathogen in 122 inbred Drosophila melanogaster lines, and derived outbred population. Using the FlyPAD system, we tracked feeding choice that flies made between substrates were either clean or contained bacterial pathogen. uncovered significant, but weakly heritable preference index amongst fly lines. instead of most lines demonstrated containing several pathogens, showing only extremely high concentrations. Bacterial was not associated with susceptibility infection retained disrupted immune signalling. Phenotype–genotype association analysis indicated novel genes ( CG2321 , CG2006 ptp99A ) increased substrate, while amino‐acid transporter sobremesa greater aversion. Given known fitness benefits consuming high‐protein diets, our results suggest attraction may reflect dietary protein over carbohydrate. More work quantifying needed fully assess its importance host–pathogen evolutionary ecology.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2
Mitochondrial background can explain variable costs of immune deployment DOI Creative Commons
Megan A. M. Kutzer,

Beth Cornish,

M. J. Jamieson

и другие.

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(9), С. 1125 - 1133

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2024

Abstract Organismal health and survival depend on the ability to mount an effective immune response against infection. Yet defence may be energy-demanding, resulting in fitness costs if investment function deprives other physiological processes of resources. While evidence costly immunity reduced longevity reproduction is common, role energy-producing mitochondria magnitude these unknown. Here, we employed Drosophila melanogaster cybrid lines, where several mitochondrial genotypes (mitotypes) were introgressed onto a single nuclear genetic background, explicitly test variation stimulation. We exposed female flies carrying one nine distinct mitotypes either benign, heat-killed bacterial pathogen (stimulating deployment while avoiding pathology) or sterile control measured lifespan, fecundity, locomotor activity. observed mitotype-specific stimulation identified positive correlation immune-stimulated between lifespan proportion time cybrids spent moving alive. Our results suggests that are highly variable depending genome, adding growing body work highlighting important host–pathogen interactions.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
A model of proximate protection against pathogenic infection through shared immunity DOI Creative Commons
Douglas F. Nixon,

Margarita Kyza-Karavioti,

Sreeradha Mallick

и другие.

mBio, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2024

exhibits innate immune priming, a mechanism leading to protection upon repeated challenge with given pathogen. However, whether immunological priming can be propagated from challenged host naive bystanders is unknown. Here, we show that half vial of

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
Experimental evolution of a pathogen confronted with innate immune memory increases variation in virulence DOI Creative Commons
Ana Korša, Moritz Baur, Nora K. E. Schulz

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2024

Abstract Understanding the drivers and mechanisms of virulence evolution is still a major goal evolutionary biologists epidemiologists. Theory predicts that way evolves depends on balance between benefits costs it provides to pathogen fitness. Additionally, host responses infections, such as resistance or tolerance, play critical role in shaping evolution. But, while pathogens has been traditionally studied under selection pressure adaptive immunity, less known about their when confronted simpler effective forms immunity immune priming. In this study, we used well-established insect model for priming – red flour beetles bacterial Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis test whether form innate memory favors higher virulence. Through controlled experimental primed versus non-primed hosts, found no change average after eight cycles host. However, significant increase variation (i.e., host-killing ability) among independent lines evolved host, bacteria were unable evolve against Whole genome sequencing revealed increased activity mobilome (prophages plasmids). Expression Cry toxin well-known factor was linked differences copy number cry -carrying plasmid, though did not correlate directly with These findings highlight can drive variability traits, which may favor adaptation variable environments. This underscores need consider response applying these medicine, aquaculture, pest control, mass production.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0