Changes in the climate suitability and growth rates of trees in eastern North America

Ecography, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2022(9)

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2022

According to the ‘fitness‐suitability' hypothesis, ongoing changes in climate are expected affect habitat suitability and hence species' fitness. In trees, differences fitness may manifest as growth rates, which will alter carbon uptake. Using tree‐ring data, we calculated > 1.5 million annual stem rate estimates (standardized for tree size) 15 677 trees representing 37 species from 558 populations throughout eastern North America. We used collections data distribution models estimate each population's climatic 1900 2010. then assessed relationships between growth, time using linear mixed‐effects models. found that rates decreased significantly through independent of were highly variable across species. Contrary expectations, negatively correlated with suitability, a relationship was consistent over gymnosperms became more negative angiosperms. These results suggest not good proxy and/or unidentified factors be slowing outweighing any potential benefits change increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. Regardless cause, this finding indicates should count on increased American help offset anthropogenic emissions.

Язык: Английский

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Climate change could negate U.S. forest ecosystem service benefits gained through reductions in nitrogen and sulfur deposition

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Май 10, 2024

Abstract Climate change and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) sulfur (S) impact the health productivity forests. Here, we explored potential impacts these environmental stressors on ecosystem services provided by future forests in contiguous U.S. We found that all stand-level benefitted (+ 2.6 to 8.1%) from reductions N+S deposition, largely attributable positive responses reduced S offset net negative effects lower N levels. Sawtimber responded positively 0.5 0.6%) some climate change, but negatively (− 2.4 − 3.8%) most extreme scenarios. Aboveground carbon (C) sequestration forest diversity were impacted modelled changes climate. Notably, scenario eliminated gains three achieved through deposition. As individual tree species differently associated unique each increased or decreased under Our results suggest should be considered when evaluating benefits air pollution policies

Язык: Английский

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Mapping oak wilt disease from space using land surface phenology

Remote Sensing of Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 298, С. 113794 - 113794

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Canopy Height Mapping for Plantations in Nigeria Using GEDI, Landsat, and Sentinel-2

Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(21), С. 5162 - 5162

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2023

Canopy height data from the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) mission has powered development of global forest products, but these and products have not been validated in non-forest tree plantation settings. In this study, we collected field observations canopy heights throughout oil palm plantations Nigeria evaluated performance existing map (CHM) as well a local model trained on GEDI various Landsat Sentinel-2 feature combinations. We found that CHMs fared poorly region, with mean absolute errors (MAE) 4.2–6.2 m. However, locally models performed (MAE = 2.5 m), indicating using optical satellite can still be effective, even region relatively sparse coverage. addition to improved overall performance, was especially effective at reducing for short (<5 m) trees, where struggle capture height.

Язык: Английский

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Land-Use Decisions Have Substantial Air Quality Health Effects

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 58(1), С. 381 - 390

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2023

Understanding how best to use limited land without compromising food security, health, and beneficial ecosystem functions is a critical challenge of our time. Ecosystem service assessments increasingly inform land-use decisions but seldom include the effects on air quality, largest environmental health risk. Here, we estimate value quality potential policies projected trends in United States, alongside carbon sequestration economic returns land, until 2051. We show that are first-order importance decisions, often larger than combined. When properly accounted for, appeared shown be detrimental vice versa. Land-use-driven impacts largely from agricultural emissions biogenic forest emissions, although incentives for reduced deforestation remain overall. Without evaluating unable determine whether make us better or worse off.

Язык: Английский

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On the value of "God" and thus of Nature: Ethicality, meaningfulness, and usefulness of monetary valuation of ecosystem services and natural capital.

Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23, С. 100458 - 100458

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2024

Язык: Английский

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California’s native trees and their use in the urban forest

Urban forestry & urban greening, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 89, С. 128125 - 128125

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2023

California's urban forest is composed of both native and non-native species. These trees improve the quality life residents mitigate effects climate change by buffering local microclimates. A species' status often defined at scale state's political boundaries, which doesn't reflect its actual range. Here we define list 95 tree species to California, create digital range maps for each species, provide lists every city in analyze trends areas. We found that areas have relatively few are within a given city's boundaries. Even though non-natives outnumber natives all California cities, opportunities more diversity slim as most cities less than four aren't already growing trees. face hotter drier future, threatening existing forests benefits they residents. explore different options selection based on goal healthy resilient into future.

Язык: Английский

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Quantifying Endangerment Value: a Promising Tool to Support Curation Decisions

Sibbaldia The International Journal Of Botanic Garden Horticulture, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22

Опубликована: Май 25, 2023

Botanic garden collections are increasingly seeking to quantify and improve the value of their for science, horticulture, conservation other uses. Quantifying a collection depends on mission institution. Many botanic gardens prioritising rare threatened species towards preventing plant extinctions. In doing so, must make decisions about which plants should remain, be replaced or added collections, how allocate staff resources care individual plants, while considering funding space limits. So, can curators biggest impact conserving species? We present promising method quantitatively assess might higher lower priority an ex situ collection, using what we term ‘endangerment value’ – extinction. apply this four genera high importance at The Morton Arboretum showcase advantages approach as well pitfalls. found useful setting, but note that inclusion exclusion different data they weighted impacts ranking important lesson any prioritisation method. hope will inspire help evaluate current future endangerment set priorities maintaining growing globally.

Язык: Английский

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What Can Be Learnt by a Synoptic Review of Plant Disease Epidemics and Outbreaks Published in 2021

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2023

A synoptic review of plant disease epidemics and outbreaks was made using two complementary approaches. The first approach involved reviewing scientific literature published in 2021, which quantitative data related to new or were obtained via surveys similar methodologies. second retrieving records added 2021 the CABI Distribution Database, contains over a million global geographic organisms from 50,000 species. retrieved 186 articles, describing studies 62 categories (pathogen species/species complexes) across &gt;40 host species on 6 continents. Pathogen with &gt;5 articles were: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, cassava mosaic viruses, citrus tristeza virus, Erwinia amylovora, Fusarium spp. complexes, oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Magnaporthe oryzae, maize lethal necrosis co-infecting Meloidogyne Pseudomonas syringae pvs, Puccinia striiformis tritici, Xylella fastidiosa, Zymoseptoria tritici. Automated searches Database identified 617 distribution 283 pathogens. further manual these confirmed 15 pathogens reported locations: apple hammerhead viroid, rubbery wood Aphelenchoides besseyi, Biscogniauxia mediterranea, Ca. Colletotrichum siamense, cucurbit chlorotic yellows rhapontici, Erysiphe corylacearum, cubense Tropical Race 4, Globodera rostochiensis, Nothophoma quercina, potato spindle tuber tomato brown rugose fruit virus. Of these, 4 had at least 25% all 2021. We assessed &ndash; virus be actively emerging in/spreading locations. Although three important represented results both our interrogation general dual approaches revealed distinct sets records, little overlap.

Язык: Английский

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Mapping oak wilt disease using phenological observations from space

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 26, 2023

ABSTRACT Protecting the future of forests relies on our ability to observe changes in forest health. Thus, developing tools for sensing diseases a timely fashion is critical managing threats at broad scales. Oak wilt —a disease caused by pathogenic fungus ( Bretziella fagacearum )— threatening oaks, killing thousands yearly while negatively impacting ecosystem services they provide. Here we propose novel workflow mapping oak targeting temporal progression through symptoms using land surface phenology (LSP) from spaceborne observations. By doing so, hypothesize that phenological pigments and photosynthetic activity trees affected can be tracked LSP metrics derived Chlorophyll/Carotenoid Index (CCI). We used dense time-series observations Sentinel-2 create Analysis Ready Data across Minnesota Wisconsin derive three metrics: value CCI start end growing season, coefficient variation during season. integrate high-resolution airborne imagery multiple locations select pixels n = 3,872) most common tree health conditions: healthy, symptomatic wilt, dead. These were train an iterative Partial Least Square Discriminant (PLSD) model probability (i.e., pixel) one these conditions associated uncertainty. assessed models spatially temporally testing datasets revealing it feasible discriminate among with overall accuracy between 80-82%. Within conditions, suggest spatial variations CCI-derived predict healthily (Area Under Curve (AUC) 0.98), (AUC 0.89), dead 0.94) low false positive rates. The performance was robust different years as well. predictive maps guide local stakeholders locating hotspots ground verification subsequent decision-making treatment. Our results highlight capabilities map their importance monitoring biodiversity large

Язык: Английский

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