Immunosenescence, aging and successful aging

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2022

Aging induces a series of immune related changes, which is called immunosenescence, playing important roles in many age-related diseases, especially neurodegenerative tumors, cardiovascular autoimmune diseases and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). However, the mechanism association with aging successful aging, effects on are not revealed obviously. In order to provide theoretical basis for preventing or controlling effectively achieve we conducted review found that changes aging-related phenotypes, deterioration organ function alterations cell subsets participated process had great occurrence development diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Remodeling of T Cell Dynamics During Long COVID Is Dependent on Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2022

Several COVID-19 convalescents suffer from the post-acute COVID-syndrome (PACS)/long COVID, with symptoms that include fatigue, dyspnea, pulmonary fibrosis, cognitive dysfunctions or even stroke. Given scale of worldwide infections, long-term recovery and integrative health-care in nearest future, it is critical to understand cellular molecular mechanisms as well possible predictors longitudinal post-COVID-19 responses convalescent individuals. The immune system T cell alterations are proposed drivers COVID syndrome. However, despite number studies on COVID-19, many them addressed only severe short-term responses. Here, we performed mild, moderate COVID-19-convalescent patients, at two time points (3 6 months infection), assess dynamics cells landscape, integrated patients-reported symptoms. We show among subsets exhibit different, severity- time-dependent dynamics, result a polarization towards an exhausted/senescent state CD4+ CD8+ perturbances Tregs. In particular, high proportion CD57+ terminal effector cells, together significant decrease naïve population, augmented granzyme B IFN-γ production unresolved inflammation after infection. Mild showed increased naïve, decreased central memory Treg subsets. Patients all severity groups can be predisposed long symptoms, fatigue not necessarily related dysfunctions, was found convalescents. conclusion, functional remodeling could seen two-step process, leading distinct states Our data imply attenuation blocking might influence post-COVID either search for any treatment prevent PACS further complications mandatory patients SARS-CoV-2 infection, those suffering COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) and COVID-19: Unveiling the Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potentialities with a Special Focus on Long COVID

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(3), С. 699 - 699

Опубликована: Март 19, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused havoc all around the world. causative agent of is novel form coronavirus (CoV) named SARS-CoV-2, which results in immune system disruption, increased inflammation, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). T cells have been important components system, decide fate disease. Recent studies reported an subset known as regulatory (Tregs), possess immunosuppressive immunoregulatory properties play a crucial role prognosis shown that patients considerably fewer Tregs than general population. Such decrement may impact on number ways, including diminishing effect inflammatory inhibition, creating inequality Treg/Th17 percentage, raising chance failure. Having enhance likelihood long COVID development addition to contributing disease's poor prognosis. Additionally, tissue-resident provide tissue repair activities, aid recovery patients. severity illness also linked abnormalities Tregs' phenotype, such reduced expression FoxP3 other cytokines, IL-10 TGF-beta. Hence, this review, we summarize mechanisms their possible roles Furthermore, perturbations associated with disease severity. are explained COVID. This review discusses potential therapeutic management COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota and Immunity during Respiratory Infections: Lung and Gut Affair

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(7), С. 4051 - 4051

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2024

Bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases, leading to worldwide morbidity mortality. In past 10 years, importance of lung microbiota emerged in context pulmonary although mechanisms by which it impacts intestinal environment have not yet been fully identified. On contrary, gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with disease etiology or/and development lung. this review, we present an overview microbiome modifications occurring during infections, namely, reduced community diversity increased burden, downstream consequences on host–pathogen interaction, inflammatory signals, cytokines production, turn affecting progression outcome. Particularly, focus role gut–lung bidirectional communication shaping inflammation immunity context, resuming both animal human studies. Moreover, discuss challenges possibilities related novel microbial-based (probiotics dietary supplementation) microbial-targeted therapies (antibacterial monoclonal antibodies bacteriophages), aimed remodel composition resident communities restore health. Finally, propose outlook some relevant questions field be answered future research, may translational relevance for prevention control infections.

Язык: Английский

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COVID‐19 immunopathology: From acute diseases to chronic sequelae

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 95(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2022

The clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mainly targets the lung as a primary affected organ, which is also critical site immune cell activation by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, recent reports suggest involvement extrapulmonary tissues in COVID-19 pathology. interplay both innate and adaptive responses key to management. As result, robust response provides first line defense, concomitantly, immunity neutralizes infection builds memory for long-term protection. dysregulated immunity, adaptive, can skew towards immunopathology chronic cases. Here we have summarized some findings that provide insight into caused SARS-CoV-2, post-acute Finally, further discuss immunomodulatory drugs preclinical trials dampening COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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TB and COVID-19: An Exploration of the Characteristics and Resulting Complications of Co-infection

Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) and Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) infection are two respiratory diseases that of particular concern epidemiologically. is one the oldest recorded in history mankind dating back thousands years. It estimated approximately quarter world's population infected with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (LTBI). This contrasts COVID-19, which emerged late 2019. Data continues to accumulate become available on this pathogen, but long-term side effect fibrotic damage COVID-19 patients evokes parallels between novel coronavirus its ancient bacterial affiliate. similarity as well several others may incite inquiries whether coinfection individuals TB severe acute syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lead excessive fibrosis lungs thus emergence an active infection. While it understood how leads structural immunological lung complications including granuloma formation, fibrosis, T cell exhaustion, less known about disease course when SARS-CoV-2 present. Past present research demonstrate IL-10, TNF-α, IFN class I-III, TGF-β, IL-35, Regulatory cells (T-regs) all important contributors characteristics host response mycobacterium tuberculosis. has also been noted current I, II, III, ACE-2, T-regs virus different ways than they pathogen. Both pathogens unbalanced inflammatory immune response, together a shared dysregulation suggests increased risk severity progression both diseases. We have reviewed 72 manuscripts years 1992 2021. The pertaining SARS-COV-2 specifically from 2020 Our literature review aims explore biomolecular effects these pathogenicity along publications TB/COVID-19 coinfection, focusing TB, challenges treating during pandemic. compiled material will then aid latticework foundation knowledge for future leading hopeful improved system therapeutic strategies coinfection.

Язык: Английский

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Serum IL-23, IL-10, and TNF-α predict in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 22, 2023

The hyperinflammatory response, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the most common cause of death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). etiopathogenesis this illness not fully understood. Macrophages appear to play a key part COVID-19's pathogenic effects. Therefore, study aims examine serum inflammatory cytokines associated activation state macrophages COVID-19 and attempt find accurate predictive markers for severity mortality risk hospital.180 90 healthy controls (HCs) participated study. Patients were divided into three different subgroups, mild (n=81), (n=60), critical groups (n=39). Serum samples collected IL (Interleukin)-10, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-17, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) determined ELISA. In parallel, myeloperoxidase (MPO) C-reactive protein (CRP) measured using colorimetric electrochemiluminescence methods, respectively. Data collected, their associations progression assessed regression models receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Compared HCs, significant increase IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ MCP-1, observed patients. levels TNF-α significantly higher cases compared cases, correlated positively CRP level. However, non-significant changes found MPO CCL3 among studied groups. Moreover, positive association has been increased IL-23 Furthermore, binary logistic model was applied predict death's independent factors. Results showed that IL-10 alone or combination IL23 are strongly linked non-survivors Finally, ROC curve results uncovered excellent predictors prognosing COVID-19.The elevations seen in-hospital disease. A prediction shows determination these upon admission important should be done on as way evaluating prognosis high more likely experience form disease; therefore, those cautionary monitored treated.

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin: highlighting its use as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 79(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2022

Abstract Numerous pharmaceutical drugs have been repurposed for use as treatments COVID-19 disease. These not consistently demonstrated high efficacy in preventing or treating this serious condition and all side effects to differing degrees. We encourage the continued consideration of antioxidant anti-inflammatory agent, melatonin, a countermeasure SARS-CoV-2 infection. More than 140 scientific publications identified melatonin likely useful agent treat Moreover, cited provide rationale prophylactic against condition. Melatonin has pan-antiviral it diminishes severity viral infections reduces death animals infected with numerous different viruses, including three coronaviruses. Network analyses, which compared used humans, also predicted that would be most effective preventing/treating COVID-19. Finally, when seriously patients were treated either alone combination other medications, these reduced infection, lowered rate, shortened duration hospitalization. Melatonin’s ability arrest may reduce health care exhaustion by limiting need Importantly, safety profile over wide range doses lacks significant toxicity. Some molecular processes resists infection are summarized. The authors believe available, potentially beneficial drugs, lack toxicity should pandemics such caused SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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Exhaustion and over-activation of immune cells in COVID-19: Challenges and therapeutic opportunities

Clinical Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 245, С. 109177 - 109177

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Epigenetic regulation of human FOXP3+ Tregs: from homeostasis maintenance to pathogen defense

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2024

Regulatory T cells (Tregs), characterized by the expression of Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3), constitute a distinct subset crucial for immune regulation. Tregs can exert direct and indirect control over homeostasis releasing inhibitory factors or differentiating into Th-like Treg (Th-Treg), thereby actively contributing to prevention treatment autoimmune diseases. The epigenetic regulation

Язык: Английский

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