Brain Research Bulletin, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 111165 - 111165
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological condition characterized by complex genetic basic, and the reliable diagnosis of PD remained limited.
Язык: Английский
Drugs and Drug Candidates, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 4(2), С. 19 - 19
Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2025
Engineered exosomes have emerged as transformative drug carriers, uniquely equipped to overcome biological barriers in central nervous system (CNS) disorders and cancer therapy. These natural extracellular vesicles, derived from cell membranes, offer inherent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, the ability traverse physiological obstacles such blood–brain barrier (BBB) dense tumor stroma. Recent advances exosome engineering—including surface modification (e.g., ligand conjugation for receptor-mediated targeting) cargo loading (siRNA, CRISPR-Cas systems, chemotherapeutics)—have enhanced their precision therapeutic utility. For CNS delivery, functionalized with brain-homing peptides RVG or TfR ligands) enabled efficient transport of neuroprotective agents gene-editing tools treat Alzheimer’s disease glioblastoma. In oncology, engineered loaded tumor-suppressive miRNAs immune checkpoint inhibitors exploit microenvironment (TME) features, acidity enzyme overexpression, spatially controlled release. Furthermore, hybrid exosome–liposome systems exosome–biomaterial composites are being explored improve payload capacity stability. Despite progress, challenges persist scalable production, batch consistency, regulatory standardization. This review critically evaluates engineering strategies, preclinical success, translational hurdles while proposing innovations AI-driven design patient-derived platforms personalized By bridging nanotechnology biomedicine, can represent a paradigm shift targeted offering safer more effective solutions historically intractable diseases.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 19
Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025
Introduction Previous researches have often underestimated the diversity and combined effects of risk factors for Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to identify how multiple modifiable collectively impact PD. Methods The included 452,492 participants from UK Biobank, utilizing genetic data 255 phenotypic variables. A broad exposure association was conducted across seven domains: socioeconomic status, medical history, psychosocial factors, physical measures, early life, local environment, lifestyle. Risk scores each domain participant were generated. joint risks assessed using Cox proportional hazards model. Population attributable fraction (PAF) estimated quantify contribution ratio in different domains occurrence Results Multiple significantly ( p < 1.96 × 10 −4 ) associated with PD observed. top 5 hand grip strength (hazard (HR) = 0.98, 1.59 −24 ), long-standing illness (HR 1.38, 3.63 −20 self-reported nervousness 1.56, 5.9 ever suffered mental health concerns 1.42, 5.48 −18 chest pain 1.43 ). Individuals unfavorable lifestyle had an increased by 33 51% compared those favorable 0.001). Discussion indicated that addressing especially measures psychological could potentially prevent up 33.87% cases. In formulating prevention strategies, it is recommended prioritize such as lifestyle, history.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Cureus, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that presents challenges in early diagnosis, particularly its prodromal stages. PD characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, it remains challenging to diagnose The use of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers has shown promise as an adjunctive tool for detection monitoring progression. aim this systematic review was evaluate the diagnostic potential CSF PD. We focused on assessing reliability, sensitivity, specificity, utility various accurate diagnosis A comprehensive search conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, identify relevant studies published from January 2015 November 2024. Studies were included if they examined human patients, compared healthy controls or other diseases. Data sample size, biomarker types, accuracy extracted 34 eligible studies. methodological quality assessed using standard tools, qualitative synthesis performed PRISMA tools. Analysis done assess performance selected biomarkers. identified several promising biomarkers, α-synuclein, neurofilament light chain (NfL), DJ-1, tau, exosomal Of these, α-synuclein demonstrated highest with sensitivity 70-85% specificity 75-90%. NfL also showed strong (65-85%) detecting neuronal injury, while DJ-1 exhibited high early-stage Multi-biomarker panels, combinations NfL, superior individual variability biomarkers' noted studies, indicating need standardization assays further validation through larger, multicenter hold significant improving PD, when used combination. However, more research needed establish standardized protocols their role clinical practice. panels show tool, but investigation required confirm cost-effectiveness diverse populations. Future should focus longitudinal tracking these progression therapeutic response.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 107128 - 107128
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
5
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16
Опубликована: Март 8, 2024
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that significantly benefits from early diagnosis for effective management and intervention. Despite advancements in medical technology, there remains critical gap the non-invasive detection of PD. Current diagnostic methods are often invasive, expensive, or late identifying disease, leading to missed opportunities Objective The goal this study explore efficiency accuracy combining fNIRS technology with machine learning algorithms diagnosing early-stage PD patients evaluate feasibility approach clinical practice. Methods Using an ETG-4000 type near-infrared brain function imaging instrument, data was collected 120 60 healthy controls. This cross-sectional employed multi-channel mode monitor cerebral blood oxygen changes. were processed using general linear model β values extracted. Subsequently, four types models developed analysis: Support vector (SVM), K-nearest neighbors (K-NN), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR). Additionally, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) applied enhance interpretability. Results SVM demonstrated higher differentiating between control group (accuracy 85%, f1 score 0.85, area under ROC curve 0.95). SHAP analysis identified most contributory channels (CH) as CH01, CH04, CH05, CH08. Conclusion based on algorithm exhibited good performance patients. Future should focus Frontopolar Cortex (FPC) region.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3
Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 235, С. 248 - 260
Опубликована: Май 2, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Digital Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11
Опубликована: Май 1, 2025
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are characterized by progressive neuronal loss, leading to cognitive motor impairments. Early diagnosis remains a challenge due the slow progression of symptoms limitations current diagnostic methods. Nanobiosensors, leveraging high sensitivity specificity nanotechnology, offer promising, noninvasive, cost-effective approach for detecting disease biomarkers at ultra-low concentrations. This review highlights recent advancements in nanobiosensor technology, integration gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, which have significantly enhanced biomarker detection precision. Furthermore, it examines advantages nanobiosensors over traditional techniques, such as improved sensitivity, rapid detection, minimal invasiveness. The potential these innovative sensors revolutionize early improve patient outcomes is discussed, along with existing challenges clinical translation, stability, reproducibility, regulatory considerations. Addressing will be crucial integrating into routine practice advancing personalized medicine neurodegenerative disorders.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Cells, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(10), С. 710 - 710
Опубликована: Май 14, 2025
Understanding the risk and protective factors associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) is crucial for improving outcomes patients, individuals at risk, healthcare providers, systems. Studying these not only enhances our knowledge of but also aids in developing effective prevention, management, treatment strategies. This paper reviews key PD, a particular focus on biological mechanisms underlying factors. Risk include genetic mutations, racial predispositions, environmental exposures, all which contribute to an increased likelihood PD or accelerating its progression. Conversely, factors, such as regular physical exercise, adherence Mediterranean diet, higher urate levels, have potential reduce inflammation support mitochondrial function, thereby mitigating disease. However, identifying validating presents significant challenges. These challenges absence reliable biomarkers, intricate interactions between components, clinical heterogeneity observed patients PD. barriers complicate establishment clear causal relationships hinder development targeted preventive To overcome challenges, we propose several solutions recommendations. may inform future research aimed standardized more accurate biomarkers facilitating earlier diagnosis improved monitoring Additionally, offer actionable recommendations prevention management tailored healthy individuals, diagnosed strategies aim improve outcomes, enhance quality life, optimize delivery
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(23), С. 17037 - 17037
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by motor dysfunction resulting from the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in midbrain. This dopamine deficiency gives rise to spectrum movement-related symptoms, including tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. While precise etiology remains elusive, genetic mutations, protein aggregation, inflammatory processes, oxidative stress are believed contribute its development. In this context, fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) central nervous system, FABP3, FABP5, FABP7, impact α-synuclein neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation. These FABPs accumulate mitochondria during neurodegeneration, disrupting their membrane potential homeostasis. particular, abundant nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, responsible for propagation into intracellular accumulation, affecting loss mesencephalic tyrosine hydroxylase protein, rate-limiting enzyme biosynthesis. review summarizes characteristics FABP family delves pathogenic significance pathogenesis disease. Furthermore, it examines novel therapeutic targets early diagnostic biomarkers related disorders.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
7
Frontiers in Neurology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15
Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2024
In the last few years, a plethora of biomarkers have been proposed for differentiation Parkinson’s disease (PD) from its mimics. Most them consist complex measures, often based on expensive technology, not easily employed outside research centers. MRI measures widely used to differentiate between PD and other parkinsonism. However, these measurements were performed manually small brain areas in patient cohorts with intra- inter-rater variability. The aim current review is provide comprehensive updated overview literature commonly mimics (including parkinsonism tremor syndromes), focusing parameters derived by simple qualitative or quantitative that can be routine practice. Several electrophysiological, sonographic shown promising results, including blink-reflex recovery cycle, analysis, assessment substantia nigra, several signs linear directly MR images. most significant issue studies conducted single center, limited reproducibility findings. Future should carried out larger international patients ensure generalizability. Moreover, seek different diseases but similar clinical phenotypes, distinguish subtypes same disease, assess progression, correlate pathological data. An even more important goal would predict preclinical phase.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2