Lifestyle factors and plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review

The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100130 - 100130

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by amyloid-β (Aβ), tau hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration. Blood-based biomarkers are emerging as minimally invasive tool for detection monitoring. This review depicts the relationships between modifiable lifestyle factors (nutrition, physical activity (PA), sleep, alcohol consumption, smoking, social isolation) plasma of AD: Aβ42, Aβ40, Aβ42/40, phosphorylated tau, total neurofilament light chain (NfL) glial fibrillary acidic protein. Limited evidence suggests that better nutrition associated with favourable AD biomarker profiles PA less NfL Aβ, whilst poor sleep elevated Aβ. However, lack data inconsistent findings highlight need further investigation to substantiate or refute these trends. Moreover, future research should include analysis on according gender, metabolic health APOE status. Considering growing emphasis preventing delaying dementia onset justified.

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Insights and Future Directions

Molecular Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 17, 2025

Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ALS rank among the most challenging global health issues, marked by substantial obstacles in early diagnosis effective treatment. Current diagnostic techniques frequently demonstrate inadequate sensitivity specificity, whilst conventional treatment strategies encounter challenges related to restricted bioavailability insufficient blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Recently, exosomes—nanoscale vesicles packed with proteins, RNAs, lipids—have emerged as promising agents potential reshape therapeutic approaches these diseases. Unlike drug carriers, they naturally traverse BBB can deliver bioactive molecules affected neural cells. Their molecular cargo influence cell signaling, reduce neuroinflammation, potentially slow neurodegenerative progression. Moreover, exosomes serve non-invasive biomarkers, enabling precise while allowing real-time disease monitoring. Additionally, engineered exosomes, loaded molecules, enhance this capability targeting diseased neurons overcoming barriers. By offering enhanced reduced immunogenicity, an ability bypass physiological limitations, exosome-based present a transformative advantage over existing approaches. This review examines multifaceted role of NDDs, emphasizing their capabilities, intrinsic functions, advanced vehicles.

Язык: Английский

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Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Malondialdehyde Levels in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Journal of Xenobiotics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(2), С. 50 - 50

Опубликована: Март 30, 2025

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is recognized as an intermediate stage between normal aging and dementia. Oxidative stress implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, playing a crucial role. This study aimed to investigate differences malondialdehyde (MDA) levels serum cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) patients with MCI compared FDA-approved biomarkers, based on age, sex, education level. Participants aged 55–90 years old were categorized into three groups especially CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio clinical screening assessments: 30 (A+) abnormal ratios (Group A), (A−) B), healthy participants C). The measurements biomarkers performed using automated immunochemical method (Fujirebio, Inc.), while MDA determination was competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique (ELK Biotechnology Co., Ltd.). Our results showed that mean values significantly lower group C than A (83 ng/mL vs. 130 ng/mL, p = 0.024) B 142 0.011), respectively. Differences presented These findings suggest lipid peroxidation, indicated by MDA, could serve potential biomarker for early recognition MCI.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging nano-derived therapy for the treatment of dementia: a comprehensive review

Drug Delivery and Translational Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Performance of plasma p-tau217 for the detection of amyloid-β positivity in a memory clinic cohort using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2024

Plasma p-tau217 has emerged as the most promising blood-based marker (BBM) for detection of Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathology, yet few studies have evaluated plasma performance in memory clinic settings. We examined AD using a high-sensitivity immunoassay individuals undergoing diagnostic lumbar puncture (LP).

Язык: Английский

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TOMM40 may mediate GFAP, neurofilament light Protein, pTau181, and brain morphometry in aging

Aging Brain, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7, С. 100134 - 100134

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Serum D-serine to total serine ratio and glycine levels as predictive biomarkers for cognitive dysfunction in frail elderly subjects

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 18, 2024

Frailty is a common age-related clinical syndrome characterized by decline in the function of multiple organ systems, increased vulnerability to stressors and huge socio-economic burden. Despite recent research efforts, physiopathological mechanisms concurring determine frailty remain elusive biomarkers able predate its occurrence early stages are still lacking. Beyond physical component, cognitive represents critical domain associated with higher risk adverse health outcomes. We measured High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) pool serum amino acids including L-glutamate, L-aspartate, glycine D-serine, as well their precursors L-glutamine, L-asparagine L-serine cohort elderly subjects encompassing entire continuum from fitness frailty. These known orchestrate excitatory inhibitory neurotransmission, turn, play key role intermediates energy homeostasis liver, kidney, muscle immune system metabolism. To comprehensively assess frailty, we employed both Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS), practical tool capture multidimensionality phenotype, measure function. found that D-serine D-/Total serine ratio were independent predictors EFS but not Furthermore, levels correlated worse cognition depressive symptoms frail group. findings suggest altered may represent biochemical signature while could be specifically depression older populations. *Alberto Imarisio Isar Yahyavi share first authorship **Alessandro Usiello Enza Maria Valente senior

Язык: Английский

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The Clinical Aspects of COVID and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Round-Up of Where Things Stand and Are Headed

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 99(4), С. 1159 - 1171

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2024

The link between long COVID-19 and brain/cognitive impairments is concerning may foster a worrisome worldwide emergence of novel cases neurodegenerative diseases with aging. This review aims to update the knowledge, crosstalk, possible intersections Post-COVID Syndrome (PCS) Alzheimer’s disease (AD). References included in this were obtained from PubMed searches conducted October 2023 November 2023. PCS very heterogenous poorly understood recent evidence association chronic such as AD. However, more scientific data required establish

Язык: Английский

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Fluid Biomarkers in Dementia Diagnosis

CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(6), С. 1790 - 1800

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This article familiarizes neurologists with the currently available CSF and plasma biomarkers for diagnosis of dementia diagnosis-dependent treatment decisions. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS For Alzheimer disease, recent US Food Drug Administration (FDA) approval monoclonal antibody therapy has increased urgency confirming pathologic before initiating therapy. The new availability disease-modifying therapies also highlights need to monitor efficacy over time. Both these needs have been partially addressed by emergence improved blood-based disease. Regarding other forms dementia, latest development is a assay aggregated α-synuclein, which permits biomarker confirmation synuclein pathology in Lewy body dementia. ESSENTIAL POINTS Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are well established. Blood-based emerging rapidly evolving. Sensitivity specificity continue improve, they being incorporated into diagnostic Fluid monitoring not yet Because serial examinations impractical, validation activity will be critical addressing this unmet need.

Язык: Английский

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Prominent Perspective on Existing Biological Hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(13), С. 1120 - 1133

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024

Biomarkers are the most significant diagnosis tools tending towards unique approaches and solutions for prevention cure of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The current report provides a clear perception concept various biomarkers their prominent features through analysis to provide possible solution inhibition events in AD. Scientists around world truly believe that crucial hallmarks can serve as critical early diagnosis, cure, prevention, well future medicine. awareness understanding such would puzzled mechanism this neuronal disorder. Some argued present article still an experimental phase they need undergo specific clinical trials before be considered treatment.

Язык: Английский

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