eNeuro, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(11), С. ENEURO.0429 - 23.2023
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023
Язык: Английский
eNeuro, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(2), С. ENEURO.0518 - 23.2024
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024
Biological variation is ubiquitous in nature. Despite highly standardized breeding and husbandry under controlled environmental conditions, phenotypic diversity exists laboratory mice rats just as it does humans. The resulting inter-individual variability affects various characteristics of animal disease models, including the responsiveness to drugs. Thus, common practice averaging data within an experimental group can lead misinterpretations neuroscience other research fields. In this commentary, impact drug illustrated by examples from testing antiseizure medications rodent temporal lobe epilepsy models. Individual rendered epileptic treatment according protocols fall into groups that either do or not respond medications, thus mimicking clinical situation patients with epilepsy. Population responses are normally distributed, divergent responding concealed averages subjected parametric statistical tests. Genetic, epigenetic, factors believed contribute response but specific molecular physiological causes well understood. Being aware rodents allows improved interpretation both behavioral phenotypes effects a pharmacological experiment.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
BMC Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2024
Neural circuits produce reliable activity patterns despite disturbances in the environment. For this to occur, neurons elicit synaptic plasticity during perturbations. However, recent work suggests that not only regulates circuit disturbances, but these modifications may also linger stabilize future The implementation of such a regulation scheme for real-life environmental challenges animals remains unclear. Amphibians provide insight into problem rather extreme way, as generate breathing are inactive several months underwater hibernation and use compensatory promote ventilation upon emergence. Using ex vivo brainstem preparations electrophysiology, we find American bullfrogs reduces GABAA receptor (GABAAR) inhibition respiratory rhythm generating motor neurons, consistent with response chronic inactivity. Although GABAARs normally critical breathing, baseline network output at warm temperatures was affected. when assessed across range temperatures, hibernators reduced GABAAR signaling had greater cooler enhancing under conditions otherwise strongly depress breathing. Hibernation robust temperatures. frogs do ventilate lungs hibernation, suggest would be beneficial stabilizing animal passes through large temperature emergence spring. More broadly, results demonstrate can increase operating harsh environments, thereby promoting adaptive behavior suppress activity.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(47)
Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2024
Animals chain movements into long-lived motor strategies, exhibiting variability across scales that reflects the interplay between internal states and environmental cues. To reveal structure in such variability, we build Markov models of movement sequences bridge timescales enable a quantitative comparison behavioral phenotypes among individuals. Applied to larval zebrafish responding diverse sensory cues, uncover hierarchy dominated by changes orientation distinguishing cruising versus wandering strategies. Environmental cues induce preferences along these modes at population level: while fish cruise light, they wander response aversive stimuli, or search for appetitive prey. As our method encodes dynamics each individual transitions coarse-grained use it hierarchical phenotypic exploration–exploitation trade-offs. Across wide range major source variation is driven prior and/or immediate exposure prey induces exploitation phenotypes. A large degree not explained unravels hidden override context contrasting Altogether, extracting strategies deployed during navigation, approach exposes individuals reveals tuned experience.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2024
Abstract As developing neural circuits become functional, they undergo a phase of heightened plasticity in response to intrinsic and/or extrinsic stimuli. These developmental windows are termed critical periods (CPs), because perturbations during the CP can lead lasting and significant change subsequent development, such as sub-optimal unstable networks. By contrast, same manipulations before or after does not create changes. Here, we have used Drosophila larval locomotor network study how different identified, connected elements respond perturbation, from pre-motor interneuron motoneuron, neuromuscular junction. Using heat stress an ecologically relevant stimulus, show that increasing temperature causes increased activity that, when applied CP, leads larvae crawl more slowly require longer recover electroshock-induced seizures, indicative decreased stability. Within central nervous system, find perturbation interneurons delivering synaptic drive motoneurons, which turn display reduced excitability. The peripheral junction, on other hand, maintains normal transmission, despite structural changes terminal overgrowth altered postsynaptic receptor field composition. Overall, our data demonstrate within differentially perturbation. Our results suggest underlying sequence, hierarchy, adjustment CPs, present highly tractable experimental model system with biology.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 44(40), С. e1339242024 - e1339242024
Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2024
Degeneracy is defined as multiple sets of solutions that can produce very similar system performance. seen across phylogenetic scales, in all kinds organisms. In neuroscience, degeneracy be the constellation biophysical properties a neuron's characteristic intrinsic and/or mechanisms determine circuit outputs or behavior. Here, we present examples at levels organization, from single-cell behavior, small circuits, large and, cognition, drawing conclusions work ranging bacteria to human cognition. allows individual-to-individual variability within population creates potential for evolution.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
eNeuro, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(11), С. ENEURO.0429 - 23.2023
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1