Bayesian p-curve mixture models as a tool to dissociate effect size and effect prevalence

Communications Psychology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 3(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

Much research in the behavioral sciences aims to characterize "typical" person. A statistically significant group-averaged effect size is often interpreted as evidence that typical person shows an effect, but only true under certain distributional assumptions for which explicit rarely presented. Mean varies with both within-participant and population prevalence (proportion of showing effect). Few studies consider how affects mean estimates existing estimators are, conversely, confounded by uncertainty about size. We introduce a widely applicable Bayesian method, p-curve mixture model, jointly probabilistically clustering participant-level data based on their likelihood null distribution. Our approach, we provide software tool, outperforms estimation methods when uncertain sensitive differences or across groups conditions. Statistically group-level effects are misinterpreted imply population. This Resource provides method tool infer experimental directly.

Язык: Английский

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Cardiac afferent signals can facilitate visual dominance in binocular rivalry

eLife, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2024

Sensory signals from the body’s visceral organs (e.g. heart) can robustly influence perception of exteroceptive sensations. This interoceptive–exteroceptive interaction has been argued to underlie self-awareness by situating one’s perceptual awareness stimuli in context internal state, but studies probing cardiac influences on visual have yielded conflicting findings. In this study, we presented separate grating each subjects’ eyes as a classic binocular rivalry paradigm – measuring duration for which stimulus dominates perception. However, caused gratings ‘pulse’ at specific times relative real-time electrocardiogram, manipulating whether pulses occurred during systole, when baroreceptors signal brain that heart contracted, or diastole are silent. The influential ‘Baroreceptor Hypothesis’ predicts effect baroreceptive input should be uniformly suppressive. contrast, observed dominance durations increased systole-entrained stimuli, inconsistent with Baroreceptor Hypothesis. Furthermore, show cardiac-dependent is preserved subjects who at-chance discriminating between and diastole-presented interoceptive task, suggesting our results not dependent conscious access heartbeat

Язык: Английский

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Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underlying Environmental Behavior: The Reciprocal Influence of Reward-Based Decision-Making and the Sense of Agency

Topoi, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Effects of stimulus modality and response type on oddball stimulus discrimination using polarity-considered EEG microstate labeling

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 3, 2025

Abstract Objective Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) require effective feature extraction and dimensionality reduction from multidimensional brain signals. Electroencephalogram (EEG) microstate analysis offers a fast noise-resistant approach by classifying the states of signals into spatial distribution patterns (templates). Each EEG segment was assigned template with highest correlation, reducing information to one-dimensional representation. However, prior BCI studies have often ignored polarity distributions in these templates. Incorporating during labeling may enhance classification performance. This study investigated effectiveness polarity-considered for infrequent stimuli an auditory-visual oddball task implications applications. Method recordings were analyzed using classify stimuli. examined effects stimulus modality (auditory or visual), conditions (unimodal: response same modality; cross-modal: different modalities), type (key-press vs. mental counting task) on accuracy. Machine learning models used classification, including support vector machine, random forest, logistic regression, XGBoost, CatBoost K-means methods. Results Polarity-considered outperformed non-polarity approach, especially decision-tree-based (20.1% improvement key-press 22.2% task). A significant interaction observed between type, accuracy achieved when involved cross-modal visual information. Conclusion The findings suggest that enhances EEG-based classification. has potential applications BCI, such as P300 spellers

Язык: Английский

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Identifying EEG biomarkers of sense of embodiment in virtual reality: insights from spatio-spectral features

Frontiers in Neuroergonomics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6

Опубликована: Май 12, 2025

The Sense of Embodiment (SoE) refers to the subjective experience perceiving a non-biological body part as one's own. Virtual Reality (VR) provides powerful platform manipulate SoE, making it crucial factor in immersive human-computer interaction. This becomes particularly relevant Electroencephalography (EEG)-based Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), especially motor imagery (MI)-BCIs, which harness brain activity enable users control virtual avatars self-paced manner. In such systems, strong SoE can significantly enhance user engagement, accuracy, and overall effectiveness interface. However, assessment remains largely subjective, relying on questionnaires, no definitive EEG biomarkers have been established. Additionally, methodological inconsistencies across studies introduce biases that hinder biomarker identification. study aimed identify EEG-based by analyzing frequency band changes combined dataset 41 participants under standardized experimental conditions. Participants underwent induction disruption using multisensory triggers, with validated questionnaire confirming illusion. Results revealed significant increase Beta Gamma power over occipital lobe, suggesting these potential for SoE. findings underscore lobe's role integration sensorimotor synchronization, supporting theoretical framework single or region fully explains Instead, emerges complex, dynamic process evolving time, frequency, spatial domains, necessitating comprehensive approach considers interactions multiple neural networks.

Язык: Английский

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Overlapping Cortical Substrate of Biomechanical Control and Subjective Agency

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024

Every movement requires the nervous system to solve a complex biomechanical control problem, but this process is mostly veiled from one's conscious awareness. Simultaneously, we also have experience of controlling our movements - sense agency (SoA). Whether SoA corresponds those neural representations that implement actual neuromuscular an open question with ethical, medical, and legal implications. If control, predicts can be decoded same brain structures so-called "inverse kinematic" computations for planning movement. We correlated human fMRI measurements during hand internal deep network (DNN) performing task in simulation revealing detailed cortical encodings sensorimotor states, idiosyncratic each subject. then manipulated by usurping participants' muscles via electrical stimulation, found voxels which were best explained modeled inverse kinematic which, strikingly, located canonically visual areas predicted SoA. Importantly, model-brain correspondences robust decoding could both achieved within single subjects, enabling relationships between motor awareness studied at level individual.

Язык: Английский

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Different mechanisms of contextual inference govern associatively learned and sensory-evoked postural responses

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(32)

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2024

Human standing balance relies on the continuous monitoring and integration of sensory signals to infer our body's motion orientation within environment. However, when information is no longer contextually relevant balancing body (e.g., motor are incongruent), sensory-evoked responses rapidly suppressed, much earlier than any conscious perception changes in control. Here, we used a robotic simulator assess whether associatively learned postural similarly modulated by sensorimotor incongruence contextual relevance Twenty-nine participants three groups were classically conditioned generate whole-body perturbations presented with an initially neutral sound cue. During catch extinction trials, received only auditory stimulus but different states corresponding their group: 1) during normal active balance, 2) while immobilized, 3) throughout periods where computer subtly removed control over balance. In immobilized states, either evoked or respectively, according (in)ability movement. Following state, renewed was restored, indicating that conditioning retained expressed relevant. contrast, persisted computer-controlled state even though there causal relationship between signals. These findings suggest mechanisms responsible for do not share single, central inference assessment control, may instead operate parallel.

Язык: Английский

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Cardiac afferent signals can facilitate visual dominance in binocular rivalry

eLife, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2024

Sensory signals from the body’s visceral organs (e.g. heart) can robustly influence perception of exteroceptive sensations. This interoceptive–exteroceptive interaction has been argued to underlie self-awareness by situating one’s perceptual awareness stimuli in context internal state, but studies probing cardiac influences on visual have yielded conflicting findings. In this study, we presented separate grating each subjects’ eyes as a classic binocular rivalry paradigm – measuring duration for which stimulus dominates perception. However, caused gratings ‘pulse’ at specific times relative real-time electrocardiogram, manipulating whether pulses occurred during systole, when baroreceptors signal brain that heart contracted, or diastole are silent. The influential ‘Baroreceptor Hypothesis’ predicts effect baroreceptive input should be uniformly suppressive. contrast, observed dominance durations increased systole-entrained stimuli, inconsistent with Baroreceptor Hypothesis. Furthermore, show cardiac-dependent is preserved subjects who at-chance discriminating between and diastole-presented interoceptive task, suggesting our results not dependent conscious access heartbeat

Язык: Английский

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Motor information contributes to visuotactile interaction in trunk-centered peripersonal space during a pedaling situation

Experimental Brain Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 243(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Cardiac afferent signals can facilitate visual dominance in binocular rivalry

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2024

Sensory signals from the body’s visceral organs (e.g. heart) can robustly influence perception of exteroceptive sensations. This interoceptive-exteroceptive interaction has been argued to underlie self-awareness by situating one’s perceptual awareness stimuli in context internal state, but studies probing cardiac influences on visual have yielded conflicting findings. In this study, we presented separate grating each subjects’ eyes as a classic binocular rivalry paradigm – measuring duration for which stimulus dominates perception. However, caused gratings “pulse” at specific times relative real-time electrocardiogram, manipulating whether pulses occurred during systole, when baroreceptors signal brain that heart contracted, or diastole are silent. The influential “Baroreceptor Hypothesis” predicts effect baroreceptive input should be uniformly suppressive. contrast, observed dominance durations increased systole-entrained stimuli, inconsistent with Baroreceptor Hypothesis. Further, show cardiac-dependent is preserved subjects who at-chance discriminating between and diastole-presented interoceptive task, suggesting our results not dependent conscious access heartbeat

Язык: Английский

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