Unified
structural
equation
modeling
(uSEM)
implemented
in
the
Group
Iterative
Multiple
Model
Estimation
(GIMME)
framework
has
recently
been
widely
used
for
characterizing
within-person
network
dynamics
of
behavioral
and
functional
neuroimaging
variables.
Previous
studies
have
established
that
GIMME
accurately
recovers
presence
relations
between
However,
recovery
relation
directionality
is
less
consistent,
which
concerning
given
importance
estimates
many
research
questions.
There
evidence
strong
autoregressive
may
aid
indirect
a
novel
version
allowing
multiple
solutions
could
improve
when
such
are
weak,
but
it
remains
unclear
how
these
strategies
perform
under
range
study
conditions.
Using
comprehensive
simulations
varied
strength
among
other
factors,
this
evaluated
two
search
strategies:
1)
estimating
by
default
null
model
(GIMME-AR),
2)
generating
solution
paths
(GIMME-MS).
Both
recovered
best
–
were
roughly
equivalent
performance
(e.g.,
β
=
.60).
When
they
weak
(β
<=
.10),
GIMME-MS
displayed
an
advantage,
although
overall
was
modest.
Analyses
empirical
data
characteristically
(resting
state
fMRI)
versus
(daily
diary)
mirrored
simulation
results
confirmed
can
disagree
on
weak.
Findings
important
implications
psychological
applications
uSEM/GIMME
suggest
specific
scenarios
researchers
might
or
not
be
confident
results.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024
Abstract
Myelin
is
essential
for
rapid
nerve
signaling
and
increasingly
found
to
play
important
roles
in
learning
diverse
diseases
of
the
CNS.
Morphological
parameters
myelin
such
as
sheath
length
are
thought
precisely
tune
conduction
velocity,
but
mechanisms
controlling
morphology
poorly
understood.
Local
calcium
has
been
observed
nascent
sheaths
can
be
modulated
by
neuronal
activity.
However,
role
formation
remains
incompletely
Here,
we
use
genetic
tools
attenuate
oligodendrocyte
during
myelination
developing
mouse
Surprisingly,
attenuation
does
not
grossly
affect
number
myelinated
axons
or
thickness.
Instead,
causes
defects
resulting
shorter,
dysmorphic
sheaths.
Mechanistically,
reduces
actin
filaments
oligodendrocytes,
an
intact
cytoskeleton
necessary
sufficient
achieve
accurate
morphology.
Together,
our
work
reveals
a
cellular
mechanism
required
CNS
may
provide
mechanistic
insight
into
how
oligodendrocytes
respond
activity
sculpt
refine
Imaging Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
2, С. 1 - 35
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
Abstract
In
recent
years,
brain
research
has
indisputably
entered
a
new
epoch,
driven
by
substantial
methodological
advances
and
digitally
enabled
data
integration
modelling
at
multiple
scales—from
molecules
to
the
whole
brain.
Major
are
emerging
intersection
of
neuroscience
with
technology
computing.
This
science
combines
high-quality
research,
across
scales,
culture
multidisciplinary
large-scale
collaboration,
translation
into
applications.
As
pioneered
in
Europe’s
Human
Brain
Project
(HBP),
systematic
approach
will
be
essential
for
meeting
coming
decade’s
pressing
medical
technological
challenges.
The
aims
this
paper
to:
develop
concept
decade
digital
discuss
community
large,
identify
points
convergence,
derive
therefrom
scientific
common
goals;
provide
framework
current
future
development
EBRAINS,
infrastructure
resulting
from
HBP’s
work;
inform
engage
stakeholders,
funding
organisations
institutions
regarding
research;
address
transformational
potential
comprehensive
models
artificial
intelligence,
including
machine
learning
deep
learning;
outline
collaborative
that
integrates
reflection,
dialogues,
societal
engagement
on
ethical
opportunities
challenges
as
part
research.
Physical Review Research,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
5(1)
Опубликована: Март 2, 2023
We
introduce
an
analytical
approach
that
allows
predictions
and
mechanistic
insights
into
the
dynamics
of
nonlinear
oscillator
networks
with
heterogeneous
time
delays.
demonstrate
delays
shape
spectrum
a
matrix
associated
to
system,
leading
emergence
waves
preferred
direction.
then
create
for
specific
spatiotemporal
patterns
observed
in
individual
simulations
time-delayed
Kuramoto
networks.
This
generalizes
systems
at
finite
scales,
which
permits
study
broad
range
applications.
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2023
Morphology
and
function
of
the
dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortex
(dlPFC),
corresponding
working
memory
performance,
are
affected
early
in
aging
process,
but
nearly
half
aged
individuals
spared
deficits.
Translationally
relevant
model
systems
critical
for
determining
neurobiological
drivers
this
variability.
The
common
marmoset
(Callithrix
jacchus)
is
advantageous
as
a
these
investigations
because,
non-human
primate,
marmosets
have
clearly
defined
dlPFC
that
enables
measurement
prefrontal-dependent
cognitive
functions,
their
short
(∼10
year)
lifespan
facilitates
longitudinal
studies
aging.
Previously,
we
characterized
capacity
cohort
collectively
covered
lifespan,
found
age-related
impairment.
We
also
remarkable
degree
heterogeneity
similar
to
humans.
Here,
tested
hypothesis
changes
synaptic
ultrastructure
affect
efficacy
stratify
age
with
impairment
from
those
without
utilized
electron
microscopy
visualize
synapses
measured
sizes
boutons,
presynaptic
mitochondria,
synapses.
coordinated
scaling
mitochondria
associated
boutons
essential
intact
performance
marmosets.
Further,
lack
scaling,
due
failure
scale
selectively
underlies
posit
decoupling
results
mismatched
energy
supply
demand,
leading
impaired
transmission.
fewer
than
young,
though
severity
synapse
loss
did
not
predict
whether
occurred
or
This
work
identifies
novel
mechanism
dysfunction
stratifies
process
by
which
regulated
yet
unknown
warrants
future
investigation.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2024
We
present
a
quantitative
strategy
to
identify
all
projection
neuron
types
from
given
region
with
statistically
different
patterns
of
anatomical
targeting.
first
validate
the
technique
mouse
primary
motor
cortex
layer
6
data,
yielding
two
clusters
consistent
cortico-thalamic
and
intra-telencephalic
neurons.
next
analyze
presubiculum,
less-explored
region,
identifying
five
classes
projecting
neurons
unique
divergence,
convergence,
specificity.
report
several
findings:
individual
target
multiple
subregions
along
defined
functions;
hypothalamic
regions
are
exclusively
targeted
by
same
class
also
invading
midbrain
agranular
retrosplenial
cortex;
Cornu
Ammonis
receives
input
single
presubicular
axons
granular
path
distances
presubiculum
targets
differ
significantly
between
classes,
as
do
distinct
within
most
classes;
identified
have
highly
non-uniform
abundances;
somata
topographically
segregated
among
classes.
This
study
thus
demonstrates
that
projections
shed
light
on
functional
organization
their
circuit.
Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 17
Опубликована: Март 4, 2024
This
chapter
explores
the
synergistic
potential
of
decentralized
trials,
gene
editing
(e.g.,
CRISPR-Cas9),
and
integration
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
machine
learning
(ML)
in
clinical
trials
drug
development.
Decentralized
enhance
diversity
expedite
timelines,
while
ensures
precision
treating
genetic
diseases,
necessitating
robust
ethical
guidelines.
AI
ML
streamline
processes,
improving
efficiency
from
patient
recruitment
to
data
analysis.
Digital
biomarkers
real-time
monitoring
systems
provide
rich
streams.
confluence
marks
a
transformative
era,
promoting
patient-centric
research,
accelerating
innovation,
optimizing
trial
design.
Ethical
regulatory
challenges
require
careful
navigation.
Integrating
digital
continuous
will
quality.
synergy
holds
promise
for
personalized
medicine
improved
outcomes,
emphasizing
need
stakeholders
balance
innovation
with
responsibility
optimal
healthcare
advancement.
Current Opinion in Neurobiology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
65, С. 162 - 166
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2020
New
neurotechnologies
fueled
by
the
BRAIN
Initiative
now
allow
investigators
to
map,
monitor
and
modulate
complex
neural
circuits,
enabling
pursuit
of
research
questions
previously
considered
unapproachable.
Yet
it
is
convergence
molecular
neuroscience
with
new
systems
that
promises
greatest
future
advances.
This
particularly
true
for
our
understanding
nervous
system
disorders,
some
which
have
known
drivers
or
pathology
but
result
in
unknown
perturbations
circuit
function.
NIH-supported
on
“BRAIN
Circuits”
programs
integrate
experimental,
analytic,
theoretical
capabilities
analysis
specific
circuits
their
contributions
perceptions,
motivations,
actions.
In
this
review,
we
describe
priority
areas,
review
strategy
balancing
early
feasibility
mature
projects,
balance
individual
team
science
‘BRAIN
Circuits’
program.
We
also
highlight
diverse
portfolio
techniques,
species,
represented
these
projects.