Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
17
Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2023
Alcohol
use
remains
a
major
public
health
concern
and
is
especially
prevalent
during
adolescence.
Adolescent
alcohol
has
been
linked
to
several
behavioral
abnormalities
in
later
life,
including
increased
risk
taking
impulsivity.
Accordingly,
when
modeled
animals,
male
rats
that
had
moderate
consumption
adolescence
exhibit
multiple
effects
adulthood,
taking,
altered
incentive
learning,
greater
release
of
dopamine
the
mesolimbic
pathway.
It
proposed
arrests
neural
development,
"locking
in"
adolescent
physiological,
consequent
behavioral,
phenotypes.
Here
we
examined
feasibility
elevated
levels
following
exposure
are
"locked
phenotype
by
testing
across
development.
We
found
rats,
peaks
late
adolescence,
returning
lower
consistent
with
notion
high
adolescence-alcohol-exposed
adults
were
due
arrested
Surprisingly,
females
was
stable
tested
developmental
window.
This
result
raised
quandary
would
not
differ
from
normal
development
and,
therefore,
may
contribute
pathological
behavior.
However,
aforementioned
findings
related
risk-based
decision-making
have
only
performed
subjects.
When
undergone
use,
neither
attitude
probabilistic
nor
altered.
These
suggest
different
profiles
system
sexes
dimorphic
susceptibility
alcohol-induced
cognitive
motivational
anomalies
exposure.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2024
Abstract
Machine
learning
research
has
achieved
large
performance
gains
on
a
wide
range
of
tasks
by
expanding
the
target
from
mean
rewards
to
entire
probability
distributions
—
an
approach
known
as
distributional
reinforcement
(RL)
1
.
The
mesolimbic
dopamine
system
is
thought
underlie
RL
in
mammalian
brain
updating
representation
value
striatum
2,3
,
but
little
about
whether,
where,
and
how
neurons
this
circuit
encode
information
higher-order
moments
reward
4
To
fill
gap,
we
used
high-density
probes
(Neuropixels)
acutely
record
striatal
activity
well-trained,
water-restricted
mice
performing
classical
conditioning
task
which
mean,
variance,
stimulus
identity
were
independently
manipulated.
In
contrast
traditional
accounts,
found
robust
evidence
for
abstract
encoding
variance
striatum.
Remarkably,
chronic
ablation
inputs
disorganized
these
representations
without
interfering
with
coding.
Two-photon
calcium
imaging
optogenetics
revealed
that
two
major
classes
medium
spiny
D1
D2
MSNs
contributed
code
preferentially
right
left
tails
distribution,
respectively.
We
synthesize
findings
into
new
model
harnesses
opponency
between
5–15
reap
computational
benefits
RL.
Psychopharmacology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
241(4), С. 767 - 783
Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2023
Abstract
Rationale
Win-paired
stimuli
can
promote
risk
taking
in
experimental
gambling
paradigms
both
rats
and
humans.
We
previously
demonstrated
that
atomoxetine,
a
noradrenaline
reuptake
inhibitor,
guanfacine,
selective
α2A
adrenergic
receptor
agonist,
reduced
on
the
cued
rat
task
(crGT),
rodent
assay
of
risky
choice
which
wins
are
accompanied
by
salient
cues.
Both
compounds
also
decreased
impulsive
premature
responding.
Objective
The
key
neural
loci
mediating
these
effects
were
unknown.
lateral
orbitofrontal
cortex
(lOFC)
medial
prefrontal
(mPFC),
highly
implicated
assessment,
action
selection,
impulse
control,
receive
dense
noradrenergic
innervation.
therefore
infused
atomoxetine
guanfacine
directly
into
either
lOFC
or
prelimbic
(PrL)
mPFC
prior
to
performance.
Results
When
lOFC,
improved
decision
making
score
adaptive
lose-shift
behaviour
males,
but
not
females,
without
altering
motor
impulsivity.
Conversely,
intra-PrL
control
preferring
animals
sexes,
did
alter
making.
Guanfacine
administered
PrL,
altered
impulsivity
all
subjects,
though
opposite
direction
atomoxetine.
Conclusions
These
data
highlight
double
dissociation
between
behavioural
signaling
across
frontal
regions
with
respect
action.
Given
influence
manipulations
could
depend
baseline
preference,
suggest
system
may
function
differently
subjects
susceptible
risk-promoting
lure
win-associated
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(16), С. 8849 - 8849
Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2024
In
patients
with
Parkinson's
disease
(PD),
dopamine
replacement
therapy
D2/D3
receptor
agonists
induces
impairments
in
decision-making,
including
pathological
gambling.
The
neurobiological
mechanisms
underlying
these
adverse
effects
remain
elusive.
Here,
a
mouse
model
of
PD,
we
investigated
the
D3
(D3R)-preferring
agonist
pramipexole
(PPX)
on
decision-making.
PD
mice
were
generated
using
bilateral
injection
toxin
6-hydroxydopamine
into
dorsolateral
striatum.
Subsequent
treatment
PPX
increased
disadvantageous
choices
characterized
by
high-risk/high-reward
touchscreen-based
Iowa
Gambling
Task.
This
effect
was
blocked
selective
D3R
antagonist
PG-01037.
treated
PPX,
number
c-Fos-positive
cells
external
globus
pallidus
(GPe),
indicating
dysregulation
indirect
pathway
corticothalamic-basal
ganglia
circuitry.
accordance,
chemogenetic
inhibition
GPe
restored
normal
c-Fos
activation
and
rescued
PPX-induced
choices.
These
findings
demonstrate
that
hyperactivation
neurons
impairs
decision-making
mice.
results
provide
candidate
mechanism
therapeutic
target
for
gambling
observed
during
pharmacotherapy
patients.
European Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
59(7), С. 1621 - 1637
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024
Abstract
Deficits
in
cost/benefit
decision
making
is
a
critical
risk
factor
for
gambling
disorder.
Reward‐paired
cues
may
play
an
important
role,
as
these
stimuli
can
enhance
preference
rats.
Despite
extensive
research
implicating
the
dorsal
striatum
compulsive
aspects
of
addiction,
role
nigrostriatal
dopaminergic
activity
cue‐induced
remains
unclear,
particularly
females.
Accordingly,
we
examined
effects
manipulating
pathway
on
risky
choice
female
TH:Cre
rats
were
trained
cued
version
rat
Gambling
Task.
This
task
was
designed
such
that
maximal
reward
attained
by
avoiding
high‐risk,
high‐reward
options
and
instead
favouring
associated
with
lower
per‐trial
gains,
they
feature
less
frequent
shorter
time‐out
penalties.
Adding
reward‐paired
audiovisual
to
leads
greater
average.
To
assess
pathway,
viral
vector
carrying
either
Cre‐dependent
inhibitory
or
excitatory
DREADD
infused
into
substantia
nigra.
Rats
then
received
clozapine‐N‐oxide
during
acquisition
after
stable
performance
baseline
reached.
Inhibition
this
accelerated
development
early
sessions
increased
performance,
but
long‐term
inhibition
actually
improved
making.
Activation
had
minimal
effects.
These
results
provide
evidence
involvement
females,
therefore
shedding
light
its
decision‐making
deficits
expanding
our
knowledge
system.
CNS Spectrums,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 10
Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2024
Abstract
Over
the
last
decade,
we
have
gained
a
better
understanding
of
impulse
control
disorder
in
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD-ICD),
medication
complication
PD.
Researchers
were
aware
its
complexity
and
took
efforts
to
learn
more
about
diagnostic
treatment
possibilities.
Nevertheless,
clinical
management
for
it
is
currently
neglected.
We
conducted
narrative
overview
literature
published
from
2012
October
2023
on
various
aspects
PD-ICD.
A
potential
“susceptibility-catalytic-stress”
model
development
PD-ICD
was
proposed
profile
encoding
predictors
created.
Based
these
predictors,
some
methods
prediction
recently
developed
prediction,
such
as
polymorphic
dopamine
genetic
risk
score
clinic-genetic
ICD-risk
score.
variety
options,
including
dose
reduction
receptor
agonists
(DAs),
DAs
removal,
switch,
add-on
therapy,
are
investigated
with
inconsistent
reports.
current
findings,
prototype
centered
prevention,
consisting
follow-up
monitoring,
recurrence
reference,
further
4
key
principles,
standardization,
centered,
persistence,
whole
course.