The
mammalian
brain
is
composed
of
many
structures,
each
with
its
own
ontogenetic
and
developmental
history.
We
used
single-nucleus
RNA
sequencing
to
sample
over
2.4
million
cells
across
18
locations
in
the
common
marmoset,
a
New
World
monkey
primed
for
genetic
engineering,
examined
gene
expression
patterns
cell
types
within
structures.
adult
transcriptomic
identity
most
neuronal
shaped
more
by
origin
than
neurotransmitter
signaling
repertoire.
Quantitative
mapping
GABAergic
single-molecule
FISH
(smFISH)
reveals
that
interneurons
striatum
neocortex
follow
distinct
spatial
principles,
lateral
prefrontal
other
higher-order
cortical
association
areas
are
distinguished
high
proportions
Nature,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
598(7879), С. 144 - 150
Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2020
Abstract
Cortical
neurons
exhibit
extreme
diversity
in
gene
expression
as
well
morphological
and
electrophysiological
properties
1,2
.
Most
existing
neural
taxonomies
are
based
on
either
transcriptomic
3,4
or
morpho-electric
5,6
criteria,
it
has
been
technically
challenging
to
study
both
aspects
of
neuronal
the
same
set
cells
7
Here
we
used
Patch-seq
8
combine
patch-clamp
recording,
biocytin
staining,
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
more
than
1,300
adult
mouse
primary
motor
cortex,
providing
a
annotation
almost
all
transcriptomically
defined
cell
types.
We
found
that,
although
broad
families
types
(those
expressing
Vip
,
Pvalb
Sst
so
on)
had
distinct
essentially
non-overlapping
phenotypes,
individual
within
family
were
not
separated
space.
Instead,
there
was
continuum
variability
morphology
electrophysiology,
with
neighbouring
showing
similar
features,
often
without
clear
boundaries
between
them.
Our
results
suggest
that
neocortex
do
always
form
discrete
entities.
hierarchy
consists
branches
at
level
families,
but
can
continuous
correlated
morpho-electrical
landscapes
families.
Cell,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
185(23), С. 4428 - 4447.e28
Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2022
Human
brain
development
is
underpinned
by
cellular
and
molecular
reconfigurations
continuing
into
the
third
decade
of
life.
To
reveal
cell
dynamics
orchestrating
neural
maturation,
we
profiled
human
prefrontal
cortex
gene
expression
chromatin
accessibility
at
single-cell
resolution
from
gestation
to
adulthood.
Integrative
analyses
define
dynamic
trajectories
each
type,
revealing
major
reconfiguration
prenatal-to-postnatal
transition
in
all
types
followed
continuous
adulthood
identifying
regulatory
networks
guiding
developmental
programs,
states,
functions.
We
uncover
links
between
milestones,
characterize
diverse
timing
when
cells
acquire
adult-like
identify
convergence
distinct
origins.
further
their
regulators
implicated
neurological
disorders.
Finally,
using
this
reference,
benchmark
identities
maturation
states
organoid
models.
Together,
captures
landscape
cortical
development.
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
44(1), С. 221 - 252
Опубликована: Март 17, 2021
Many
of
our
daily
activities,
such
as
riding
a
bike
to
work
or
reading
book
in
noisy
cafe,
and
highly
skilled
professional
playing
tennis
match
violin
concerto,
depend
upon
the
ability
brain
quickly
make
moment-to-moment
adjustments
behavior
response
results
actions.
Particularly,
they
neocortex
integrate
information
provided
by
sensory
organs
(bottom-up
information)
with
internally
generated
signals
expectations
attentional
(top-down
information).
This
integration
occurs
pyramidal
cells
(PCs)
their
long
apical
dendrite,
which
branches
extensively
into
dendritic
tuft
layer
1
(L1).
The
outermost
neocortex,
L1
is
conserved
across
cortical
areas
species.
Importantly,
predominant
input
for
top-down
information,
relayed
rich,
dense
mesh
long-range
projections
that
provide
PCs.
Here,
we
discuss
recent
progress
understanding
composition
review
evidence
processing
contributes
functions
perception,
cross-modal
integration,
controlling
states
consciousness,
attention,
learning.
Nature,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
607(7918), С. 330 - 338
Опубликована: Июль 6, 2022
Abstract
Transcriptomics
has
revealed
that
cortical
inhibitory
neurons
exhibit
a
great
diversity
of
fine
molecular
subtypes
1–6
,
but
it
is
not
known
whether
these
have
correspondingly
diverse
patterns
activity
in
the
living
brain.
Here
we
show
primary
visual
cortex
(V1)
correlates
with
brain
state,
which
are
organized
by
single
factor:
position
along
main
axis
transcriptomic
variation.
We
combined
vivo
two-photon
calcium
imaging
mouse
V1
method
to
identify
mRNA
for
72
selected
genes
ex
slices.
classified
imaged
layers
1–3
into
three-level
hierarchy
5
subclasses,
11
types
and
35
using
previously
defined
clusters
3
.
Responses
stimuli
differed
significantly
only
between
cells
Sncg
subclass
uniformly
suppressed,
other
subclasses
predominantly
excited.
Modulation
state
at
all
hierarchical
levels
could
be
largely
predicted
from
first
principal
component,
also
correlations
simultaneously
recorded
cells.
Inhibitory
fired
more
resting,
oscillatory
states
had
smaller
fraction
their
axonal
projections
layer
1,
narrower
spikes,
lower
input
resistance
weaker
adaptation
as
determined
vitro
7
expressed
cholinergic
receptors.
Subtypes
during
arousal
opposite
properties.
Thus,
simple
principle
may
explain
how
shape
state-dependent
processing.