Neural correlates of social observation and socioeconomic status in influencing environmental donations
Brain and Cognition,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
184, С. 106259 - 106259
Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025
Язык: Английский
How childhood adversity affects components of decision making
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 106027 - 106027
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Electrical brain activations in preadolescents during a probabilistic reward-learning task reflect cognitive processes and behavior strategies
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
19
Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025
Both
adults
and
children
learn
through
feedback
to
associate
environmental
events
choices
with
reward,
a
process
known
as
reinforcement
learning
(RL).
However,
tasks
assess
RL-related
neurocognitive
processes
in
have
been
limited.
This
study
validated
child
version
of
the
Probabilistic
Reward
Learning
task
preadolescents
(8–12
years)
while
recording
event-related-potential
(ERPs),
focusing
on:
(1)
reward-feedback
sensitivity
(frontal
Reward-related
Positivity,
RewP),
(2)
late
attention-related
responses
(parietal
P300),
(3)
attentional
shifting
toward
favored
stimuli
(N2pc).
Behaviorally,
expected,
could
stimulus–reward
outcome
associations,
but
varying
performance
levels.
Poor
learners
showed
greater
RewP
amplitudes
compared
good
learners.
strategies
(i.e.,
Win-Lose-Stay-Shift)
were
reflected
by
feedback-elicited
P300
amplitudes.
Lastly,
attention
shifted
to-be-chosen
stimuli,
evidenced
N2pc,
not
more
highly
rewarded
adults.
These
findings
provide
novel
insights
into
neural
underlying
RL
preadolescents.
Язык: Английский
Unlocking the age-old secrets of reward and substance use
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
239, С. 173766 - 173766
Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024
Язык: Английский
A unified account of why optimism declines in childhood
Nature Reviews Psychology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
4(1), С. 35 - 48
Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2024
Язык: Английский
Exploration is Associated with Socioeconomic Disparities in Learning and Academic Achievement in Adolescence
Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2024
Why
do
adolescents
from
lower
socioeconomic
status
(SES)
backgrounds
often
underperform
on
tests
of
learning
and
academic
achievement?
Prior
research
points
to
the
role
external
environmental
constraints,
like
limited
financial
educational
resources.
Here,
we
ask
how
these
constraints
impact
internal
psychological
decision
strategies
that,
in
turn,
might
shape
disparities.
Specifically,
tested
hypothesis
that
lower-SES
adapt
favor
exploitation
over
exploration,
which,
may
limit
achievement.
Adolescents
(n=124;
12-14
years
old)
diverse
SES
chose
much
explore
or
exploit
during
a
reward
task.
Exploiting
secured
immediate
reward,
but
reduced
information
about
task
structure.
Exploring
led
uncertain
more
information,
which
could
be
leveraged
for
better
outcomes
later.
Lower
was
associated
with
less
exploration
exploitation.
Computational
modeling
revealed
driven
by
higher
loss
aversion
rather
than
differences
beliefs
value
exploring.
We
also
observed
exploratory
tendencies
partially
explained
relationship
between
performance,
poorer
school
grades,
and,
subsample,
skills.
Notably,
behavior
not
static
instead
fluctuated
response
task:
greater
boosted
subsequent
exploration.
These
findings
suggest
disparities
across
reflect
only
what
resources
are
available
within
early
environment
interact
therefore,
learn
their
environment.
Язык: Английский
Returning to reality: Why optimism declines in childhood
Julia Leonard,
Jessica A. Sommerville
Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2024
Optimism,
hopefulness
about
the
success
of
future
endeavors,
is
widely
heralded
as
a
driver
individual
and
societal
achievement.
Yet
decades
work
in
psychological
science
have
revealed
that
optimism
declines
throughout
early
childhood.
Why
does
decline
with
age?
In
this
article,
we
integrate
insights
from
cognitive,
computational,
social,
neural
perspectives
to
discuss
three
candidate
mechanisms
through
which
age:
Learning
experience,
changing
theories
wishful
thinking,
valenced
learning
biases
shifting
over
time.
We
argue
declining
across
childhood
best
characterized
by
changes
children’s
can
be
sped
up
or
slowed
down
first-person
social
experience
development.
This
novel
framework
suggests
should
conceptualized
not
solely
an
trait,
but
also
adaptive
bias
signals
nature
one’s
environment.
Based
on
framework,
propose
definition
unifies
research
disparate
subfields
recommend
lines
inquiry.
Язык: Английский
Investigating the relationships between motor skills, cognitive status, and area deprivation index in Arizona: a pilot study
Frontiers in Public Health,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024
Introduction
Previous
studies
highlight
the
negative
impact
of
adverse
socioeconomic
conditions
throughout
life
on
motor
skills
and
cognitive
health.
Factors
such
as
activity,
physical
lifestyle,
position
significantly
affect
general
health
status
brain
This
pilot
study
investigates
relationships
among
Area
Deprivation
Index
(ADI)—a
measure
neighborhood-level
deprivation,
structure
(cortical
volume
thickness),
in
adults
Arizona.
Identifying
measures
sensitive
to
ADI
could
elucidate
mechanisms
driving
decline.
Methods
The
included
22
adults(mean
age
=
56.2
±
15.2)
Arizona,
residing
area
for
over
10
years(mean
42.7
15.8).
We
assessed
specific
domains
using
NeuroTrax™
screening
test,
which
evaluates
memory,
executive
function,
visual–spatial
processing,
attention,
information
processing
speed,
function.
also
measured
cortical
thickness
regions
FreeSurfer
7.2.
Linear
regression
tests
were
conducted
examine
between
metrics,
status,
measures.
Results
indicated
a
significant
inverse
relationship
metrics
memory
scores,
explaining
25%
variance.
Both
national
state
negatively
correlated
with
global
cognition
(
r
’s
<
−0.40,
p
0.05).
In
contrast,
generally
positively
motor-related
volumetric
>
0.40,
Conclusion
findings
suggest
that
social
deprivation
might
influence
primarily
through
its
Язык: Английский