Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
37(11), С. 110106 - 110106
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2021
Retinal
bipolar
cells
are
second-order
neurons
that
transmit
basic
features
of
the
visual
scene
to
postsynaptic
partners.
However,
their
contribution
motion
detection
has
not
been
fully
appreciated.
Here,
we
demonstrate
cholinergic
feedback
from
starburst
amacrine
(SACs)
certain
presynaptic
via
alpha-7
nicotinic
acetylcholine
receptors
(α7-nAChRs)
promotes
direction-selective
signaling.
Patch
clamp
recordings
reveal
distinct
cell
types
making
synapses
at
proximal
SAC
dendrites
also
express
α7-nAChRs,
producing
directionally
skewed
excitatory
inputs.
Asymmetric
excitation
contributes
in
On-Off
ganglion
(On-Off
DSGCs),
predicted
by
computational
modeling
and
supported
patch
DSGCs
when
α7-nAChRs
is
eliminated
pharmacologically
or
conditional
knockout.
Altogether,
these
results
show
enhances
signaling
SACs
DSGCs,
illustrating
how
provide
a
scaffold
for
microcircuits
cooperatively
enhance
retinal
detection.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
40(2), С. 111040 - 111040
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2022
Classification
and
characterization
of
neuronal
types
are
critical
for
understanding
their
function
dysfunction.
Neuronal
classification
schemes
typically
rely
on
measurements
electrophysiological,
morphological,
molecular
features,
but
aligning
such
datasets
has
been
challenging.
Here,
we
present
a
unified
mouse
retinal
ganglion
cells
(RGCs),
the
sole
output
neurons.
We
use
visually
evoked
responses
to
classify
1,859
RGCs
into
42
types.
also
obtain
morphological
or
transcriptomic
data
from
subsets
these
align
functional
publicly
available
datasets.
create
an
online
database
that
allows
users
browse
download
light
using
machine
learning
algorithm.
This
work
provides
resource
studies
RGCs,
upstream
circuits
in
retina,
projections
brain,
establishes
framework
future
efforts
open
distribution.
Stem Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
10(4), С. 1282 - 1293
Опубликована: Март 22, 2018
Highlights•Unique
transcriptional
profiles
demonstrate
diversity
among
hPSC-derived
RGCs•Numerous
RGC
subtypes
characterized
from
RGCs•Molecular
markers
identified
for
through
single-cell
RNA-seq
analysisSummaryRetinal
ganglion
cells
(RGCs)
are
the
projection
neurons
of
retina
and
transmit
visual
information
to
postsynaptic
targets
in
brain.
While
this
function
is
shared
nearly
all
RGCs,
class
cell
remarkably
diverse,
comprised
multiple
subtypes.
Previous
efforts
have
numerous
animal
models,
but
less
attention
has
been
paid
human
RGCs.
Thus,
study
examined
RGCs
differentiated
pluripotent
stem
(hPSCs)
defined
expression
subtype-specific
markers.
Further
investigation
these
was
achieved
using
transcriptomics,
confirming
combinatorial
molecular
associated
with
subtypes,
also
provided
insight
into
more
results
describe
derivation
hPSCs
will
support
future
exploration
phenotypic
functional
within
Annual Review of Vision Science,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
4(1), С. 165 - 192
Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2018
Visual
motion
on
the
retina
activates
a
cohort
of
retinal
ganglion
cells
(RGCs).
This
population
activity
encodes
multiple
streams
information
extracted
by
parallel
circuits.
Motion
processing
in
is
best
studied
direction-selective
circuit.
The
main
focus
this
review
neural
basis
direction
selectivity,
which
has
been
investigated
unprecedented
detail
using
state-of-the-art
functional,
connectomic,
and
modeling
methods.
Mechanisms
underlying
encoding
other
features
broader
RGC
populations
are
also
discussed.
Recent
discoveries
at
both
single-cell
levels
highlight
dynamic
stimulus-dependent
engagement
mechanisms
that
collectively
implement
robust
detection
under
diverse
visual
conditions.
Annual Review of Vision Science,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
8(1), С. 135 - 169
Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2022
Retinal
circuits
transform
the
pixel
representation
of
photoreceptors
into
feature
representations
ganglion
cells,
whose
axons
transmit
these
to
brain.
Functional,
morphological,
and
transcriptomic
surveys
have
identified
more
than
40
retinal
cell
(RGC)
types
in
mice.
RGCs
extract
features
varying
complexity;
some
simply
signal
local
differences
brightness
(i.e.,
luminance
contrast),
whereas
others
detect
specific
motion
trajectories.
To
understand
retina,
we
need
know
how
give
rise
diverse
RGC
representations.
A
catalog
set,
turn,
is
fundamental
understanding
visual
processing
Anterograde
tracing
indicates
that
innervate
50
areas
mouse
Current
maps
connecting
brain
are
rudimentary,
as
our
signals
transformed
downstream
guide
behavior.
In
this
article,
I
review
selectivities
RGCs,
they
arise,
utilized
downstream.
Not
only
knowledge
behavioral
purpose
critical
for
contributions
vision;
it
can
also
us
most
relevant
space.
