Sperm wars and the evolution of male fertility

Reproduction, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 144(5), С. 519 - 534

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2012

Females frequently mate with several males, whose sperm then compete to fertilize available ova. Sperm competition represents a potent selective force that is expected shape male expenditure on the ejaculate. Here, we review empirical data illustrate evolutionary consequences of competition. favors evolution increased testes size and production. In some species, males appear capable adjusting number ejaculated, depending perceived levels Selection also act form function, although evidence for this remains equivocal. Comparative studies suggest length swimming speed may increase in response selection from However, mechanisms driving pattern remain unclear. Evidence influences mixed fertilization trials performed across broad range species demonstrate inconsistent relationships between function. This ambiguity part reflect important role seminal fluid proteins (sfps) play affecting There good sfps are subject competition, recent work pointing an ability adjust their chemistry rival males. We argue future research must consider components ejaculate as functional unity. Research at genomic level will identify genes ultimately control fertility.

Язык: Английский

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Differences in ATP Generation Via Glycolysis and Oxidative Phosphorylation and Relationships with Sperm Motility in Mouse Species

Journal of Biological Chemistry, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 290(33), С. 20613 - 20626

Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2015

Mouse sperm produce enough ATP to sustain motility by anaerobic glycolysis and respiration. However, previous studies indicated that an active glycolytic pathway is required achieve normal function identified as the main source of fuel mouse sperm. All available evidence has been gathered from performed using laboratory mouse. comparative closely related species have revealed a wide range variation in production comparatively low values these traits. In this study, we compared relative reliance on usage or oxidative phosphorylation sources for between exhibit significantly different performance parameters. We found with higher oxygen consumption/lactate excretion rate ratios were able amounts ATP, achieving swimming velocities. Additionally, show respiration/glycolysis degree dependence upon phosphorylation. Moreover, characterize first time two which depend functional performance. Finally, discuss sexual selection could promote adaptations energetic metabolism tending increase more efficient generation (and faster sperm).

Язык: Английский

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How sperm competition shapes the evolution of testes and sperm: a meta-analysis

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 375(1813), С. 20200064 - 20200064

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2020

Females of many species mate with multiple males, thereby inciting competition among ejaculates from rival males for fertilization. In response to increasing sperm competition, are predicted enhance their investment in production. This prediction is so widespread that testes size (correcting body size) commonly used as a proxy even the absence any other information about species' reproductive behaviour. By contrast, debate whether selects smaller or larger has persisted nearly three decades, empirical studies demonstrating every possible response. Here, we synthesize 40 years research meta-analytical framework determine how evolution number (i.e. and head, midpiece, flagellum total length) influenced by varying levels across species. Our findings support long-held assumption higher associated relatively testes. We also find clear evidence increases all components length. discuss these results context different theoretical predictions general patterns breeding biology selective environment sperm. article part theme issue ‘Fifty competition’.

Язык: Английский

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Importance of sperm morphology during sperm transport and fertilization in mammals

Asian Journal of Andrology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 18(6), С. 844 - 844

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2016

After natural or artificial insemination, the spermatozoon starts a journey from site of deposition to place fertilization. However, only small subset spermatozoa deposited achieves their goal: reach and fertilize egg. Factors involved in controlling sperm transport fertilization include female reproductive tract environment, cell-cell interactions, gene expression, phenotypic traits. Some significant determinants are known (i.e., motility DNA status), but many traits still indecipherable. One example is influence dimensions shape upon within genital towards oocyte. Biophysical associations between size may progression through tract, uncertainties remain concerning how morphology influences process, whether per se involved. Moreover, such explanations do not allow possibility that capable distinguishing fertile on basis morphology, as seems be case with biochemical, molecular, genetic properties. This review focuses evolution putative role selection uterus ability

Язык: Английский

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Sperm bauplan and function and underlying processes of sperm formation and selection

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 102(1), С. 7 - 60

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2021

The spermatozoon is a highly differentiated and polarized cell, with two main structures: the head, containing haploid nucleus acrosomal exocytotic granule, flagellum, which generates energy propels cell; both structures are connected by neck. sperm’s aim to participate in fertilization, thus activating development. Despite this common bauplan function, there an enormous diversity structure performance of sperm cells. For example, mammalian spermatozoa may exhibit several head patterns overall lengths ranging from ∼30 350 µm. Mechanisms transport female tract, preparation for recognition interaction oocyte also show considerable variation. There has been much interest understanding origin diversity, evolutionary terms relation mechanisms underlying differentiation testis. Here, relationships between function examined at levels: first, analyzing selective forces that drive changes physiology understand adaptive values variation impact on male reproductive success second, examining cellular molecular formation testis explain how can give rise such wide array forms functions.

Язык: Английский

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Energy Metabolism and Hyperactivation of Spermatozoa from Three Mouse Species under Capacitating Conditions

Cells, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(2), С. 220 - 220

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2022

Mammalian sperm differ widely in morphology, and several explanations have been presented to account for this diversity. Less is known about variation physiology cellular processes that can give cells an advantage when competing fertilize oocytes. Capacitation of spermatozoa, a process essential mammalian fertilization, correlates with changes motility result characteristic swimming pattern as hyperactivation. Previous studies revealed velocity depend on the amount ATP available and, therefore, movement occurring during capacitation hyperactivation may involve bioenergetics. Here, we examine differences levels from three mouse species (genus

Язык: Английский

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Sperm form and function in the absence of sperm competition

Molecular Reproduction and Development, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 81(3), С. 204 - 216

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2013

SUMMARY Sperm competition is a post‐copulatory, sexual selection force that, together with phylogeny and fertilization mode, has been regarded as one of the main factors explaining diversity in sperm size across species. This universal mechanism favors traits that enhance male's fertilizing ability paternity success. Surprisingly, however, characteristics semen quality monogamous species, low risk competition, have barely received any attention. In this review, we consider monogamy two ends selective spectrum, discuss its effect on structure function. We address issue lack by comparing essentially species—their largely degenerative features high degree polymorphisms could be norms for Further, level humans discussed mating strategy, relative testis size, to other primate terms concentration, swimming speed, morphology, seem closer aligned low‐risk situation gorillas than promiscuous chimpanzees. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .

Язык: Английский

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POSTCOPULATORY SEXUAL SELECTION INCREASES ATP CONTENT IN RODENT SPERMATOZOA

Evolution, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 67(6), С. 1838 - 1846

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2013

Sperm competition often leads to increase in sperm numbers and quality, its effects on function are now beginning emerge. Rapid swimming speeds crucial for mammalian spermatozoa, because they need overcome physical barriers the female tract, reach ovum, generate force penetrate vestments. Faster velocities associate with high levels many taxa may be due increases dimensions, but also relate higher adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. We examined if variation ATP relates both speed rodents. found that associates variations content sperm-size adjusted concentrations, which suggests proportionally response competition. Moreover, measures were associated velocities. Our findings thus support idea select leading faster velocity.

Язык: Английский

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Evolution of Protamine Genes and Changes in Sperm Head Phenotype in Rodents1

Biology of Reproduction, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 90(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2014

Little is known about the genetic basis of evolutionary changes in sperm phenotype. Postcopulatory sexual selection associated with differences protamine gene sequences and promoters a powerful force acting on form function, although links between evolution phenotype are scarce. Protamines involved chromatin condensation, deficiency negatively affects morphology male fertility, thus suggesting that they important for design function. We examined genes rodents to understand role design. performed genotype-phenotype association study using root-to-tip dN/dS (nonsynonymous/synonymous substitutions rate ratio) account rates phylogenetic generalized least squares analyses compare morphometric data. Evolutionary 1 2 domain cleaved off during condensation correlated head size elongation. Protamine exhibited restricted positive some functional sites, which seemed sufficient preserve its The cleaved-protamine 2, whose relaxation halted by selection, seems ensure small, elongated heads would make more competitive. No existed mature-protamine phenotype, little involvement likely maintaining condensed state. Our results suggest protamines could be related complex developmental modifications head. This represents an step toward understanding coding divergence germ cell

Язык: Английский

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Emerging microfluidic technologies for sperm sorting

Engineered Regeneration, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(2), С. 161 - 169

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2023

Sorting high-quality sperm with intact DNA, normal morphology, and active motility is crucial for clinically assisted reproductive technology, which influences the success of treatment health offspring. Currently, microfluidic technology has been developed as a powerful platform sorting owing to its ability manipulate fluid at microscale handle small samples. Specifically, provides necessary stimuli including stimulus, chemical induction, shape sift, supports researchers in developing various sperm-sorting devices. According principle, these devices can be divided into three categories: based on rheological properties, passive physical external stimuli-induced Hence, we review broad range researches about microfluidics briefly present properties female tract assist design

Язык: Английский

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