Organisms
rely
on
inducible
and
constitutive
immune
defences
to
combat
infection.
Constitutive
immunity
enables
a
rapid
response
infection
but
may
carry
cost
for
uninfected
individuals,
leading
the
prediction
that
it
will
be
favoured
when
rates
are
high.
When
we
exposed
populations
of
Drosophila
melanogaster
intense
parasitism
by
parasitoid
wasp
Leptopilina
boulardi,
they
evolved
resistance
developing
more
reactive
cellular
response.
Using
single-cell
RNA
sequencing,
found
immune-inducible
genes
had
become
constitutively
upregulated.
This
was
result
resistant
larvae
differentiating
precursors
specialized
cells
called
lamellocytes
were
previously
only
produced
after
Therefore,
genetically
hard-wiring
first
steps
an
induced
constitutive.
Genetics,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
210(4), С. 1163 - 1184
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2018
Abstract
Triacylglycerol
(TAG)
is
the
most
important
caloric
source
with
respect
to
energy
homeostasis
in
animals.
In
addition
its
evolutionarily
conserved
importance
as
an
source,
TAG
turnover
crucial
metabolism
of
structural
and
signaling
lipids.
These
neutral
lipids
are
also
key
players
development
disease.
Here,
we
review
Drosophila
model
system.
Recently,
fruit
fly
has
attracted
renewed
attention
research
due
unique
experimental
approaches
it
affords
studying
tissue-autonomous
interorgan
regulation
lipid
vivo.
Following
overview
systemic
control
body
fat
stores,
will
cover
anabolic,
enzymatic,
regulatory
processes,
which
begin
dietary
breakdown
de
novo
lipogenesis
that
results
droplet
storage.
Next,
focus
on
lipolytic
mobilize
storage
make
metabolically
accessible
either
or
a
building
block
for
biosynthesis
other
classes.
Since
buildup
involves
various
organs,
highlight
avenues
transport,
at
heart
functional
integration
organismic
metabolism.
Finally,
draw
some
“missing
links”
basic
conclude
perspective
how
can
be
exploited
study
metabolic
roles
diverse
Cell,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
178(4), С. 901 - 918.e16
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2019
Physiology
and
metabolism
are
often
sexually
dimorphic,
but
the
underlying
mechanisms
remain
incompletely
understood.
Here,
we
use
intestine
of
Drosophila
melanogaster
to
investigate
how
gut-derived
signals
contribute
sex
differences
in
whole-body
physiology.
We
find
that
carbohydrate
handling
is
male-biased
a
specific
portion
intestine.
In
contrast
known
sexual
dimorphisms
invertebrates,
intestinal
extrinsically
controlled
by
adjacent
male
gonad,
which
activates
JAK-STAT
signaling
enterocytes
within
this
portion.
Sex
reversal
experiments
establish
roles
for
metabolic
state
controlling
food
intake
sperm
production
through
citrate.
Our
work
uncovers
gonad-gut
axis
coupling
diet
production,
revealing
communication
across
organs
physiologically
important.
The
instructive
role
citrate
inter-organ
might
be
significant
more
biological
contexts
than
previously
recognized.
Frontiers in Physiology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Май 7, 2020
Lipids
are
the
primary
storage
molecules
and
an
essential
source
of
energy
in
insects
during
reproduction,
prolonged
periods
flight,
starvation,
diapause.
The
coordination
center
for
insect
lipid
metabolism
is
fat
body,
which
analogous
to
vertebrate
adipose
tissue
liver.
body
primarily
composed
adipocytes,
accumulate
triacylglycerols
intracellular
droplets.
Genomics
proteomics,
together
with
functional
analyses,
such
as
RNA
interference
CRISPR/Cas9-targeted
genome
editing,
identified
various
genes
involved
elucidated
their
functions.
However,
endocrine
control
metabolism,
particular
roles
peptide
hormones
lipogenesis
lipolysis
relatively
less-known
topics.
In
current
review,
neuropeptides
that
directly
or
indirectly
affect
introduced.
lipolytic
lipogenic
adipokinetic
hormone
brain
insulin-like
peptides
(ILP2,
ILP3,
ILP5).
Other
neuropeptides,
insulin-growth
factor
ILP6,
neuropeptide
F,
allatostatin-A,
corazonin,
leucokinin,
tachykinins
limostatin,
might
stimulate
lipolysis,
while
diapause
hormone-pheromone
biosynthesis
activating
neuropeptide,
short
CCHamide-2,
cytokines
Unpaired
1
2
induce
lipogenesis.
Most
these
interact
one
another,
but
mostly
insulin
signaling,
therefore
indirectly.
Peptide
also
diapause,
infections
immunity;
highlighted.
review
concludes
a
discussion
potential
metabolism-related
pest
management.
Cell Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
31(4), С. 710 - 725.e7
Опубликована: Март 19, 2020
High-sugar
diets
cause
thirst,
obesity,
and
metabolic
dysregulation,
leading
to
diseases
including
type
2
diabetes
shortened
lifespan.
However,
the
impact
of
obesity
water
imbalance
on
health
survival
is
complex
difficult
disentangle.
Here,
we
show
that
high
sugar
induces
dehydration
in
adult
Drosophila,
supplementation
fully
rescues
their
Conversely,
defects
are
water-independent,
showing
uncoupling
between
sugar-induced
insulin
resistance
with
reduced
vivo.
promote
accumulation
uric
acid,
an
end-product
purine
catabolism,
formation
renal
stones,
a
process
aggravated
by
physiological
acidification.
Importantly,
regulating
acid
production
impacts
lifespan
water-dependent
manner.
Furthermore,
metabolomics
analysis
human
cohort
reveals
dietary
intake
strongly
predicts
circulating
levels.
Our
model
explains
pathophysiology
high-sugar
independently
highlights
metabolism
as
pro-longevity
target.
Cell Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
29(2), С. 269 - 284.e10
Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2018
The
control
of
systemic
metabolic
homeostasis
involves
complex
inter-tissue
programs
that
coordinate
energy
production,
storage,
and
consumption,
to
maintain
organismal
fitness
upon
environmental
challenges.
mechanisms
driving
such
are
largely
unknown.
Here,
we
show
enteroendocrine
cells
in
the
adult
Drosophila
intestine
respond
nutrients
by
secreting
hormone
Bursicon
α,
which
signals
via
its
neuronal
receptor
DLgr2.
α/DLgr2
regulate
metabolism
through
a
relay
leading
restriction
glucagon-like,
adipokinetic
(AKH)
production
corpora
cardiaca
subsequent
modulation
AKH
signaling
within
adipose
tissue.
Impaired
leads
exacerbated
glucose
oxidation
depletion
stores
with
consequent
reduced
resistance
nutrient
restrictive
conditions.
Altogether,
our
work
reveals
an
intestinal/neuronal/adipose
tissue
inter-organ
communication
network
is
essential
restrict
use
may
provide
insights
into
physiopathology
endocrine-regulated
homeostasis.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
19(7), С. 1896 - 1896
Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2018
Being
overweight
increases
the
risk
of
many
metabolic
disorders,
but
how
it
affects
lifespan
is
not
completely
clear.
Not
all
obese
people
become
ill,
and
exact
mechanism
that
turns
excessive
fat
storage
into
a
health-threatening
state
remains
unknown.
Drosophila
melanogaster
has
served
as
an
excellent
model
for
diseases,
including
obesity,
diabetes,
hyperglycemia-associated
such
cardiomyopathy
or
nephropathy.
Here,
we
review
connections
between
aging
in
different
types
fly
obesity.
Whereas
obesity
induced
by
high-fat
high-sugar
diet
associated
with
hyperglycemia,
cardiomyopathy,
some
cases,
shortening
lifespan,
there
are
also
examples
which
correlates
longevity.
Transgenic
lines
downregulations
insulin/insulin-like
growth
factor
(IIS)
target
rapamycin
(TOR)
signaling
pathways,
flies
reared
under
dietary
restriction,
even
certain
longevity
selection
obese,
yet
long-lived.
The
mechanisms
underlie
differential
lifespans
distinct
remain
to
be
elucidated,
turnover,
inflammatory
dysregulations
glucose
metabolism
may
play
key
roles.
Altogether,
study
physiology
adiposity
both
health
disease.
