In vivo fluorescence imaging: success in preclinical imaging paves the way for clinical applications

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2022

Abstract Advances in diagnostic imaging have provided unprecedented opportunities to detect diseases at early stages and with high reliability. Diagnostic is also crucial monitoring the progress or remission of disease thus often central basis therapeutic decision-making. Currently, several modalities (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission among others) are routinely used clinics present their own advantages limitations. In vivo near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence has recently emerged as an attractive modality combining low cost, sensitivity, relative safety. As a preclinical tool, it can be investigate mechanisms for testing novel diagnostics therapeutics prior clinical use. However, limited depth tissue penetration major challenge efficient Therefore, current use few applications such image-guided surgery on tumors retinal angiography, using FDA-approved dyes. Progress fluorophore development NIR technologies holds promise extend application oncology, cardiovascular diseases, plastic surgery, brain others. Nanotechnology expected revolutionize through targeted delivery fluorescent probes antibody conjugation. this review, we discuss latest advances technologies, probes, future applications. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Current methods to analyze lysosome morphology, positioning, motility and function

Traffic, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(5), С. 238 - 269

Опубликована: Март 28, 2022

Abstract Since the discovery of lysosomes more than 70 years ago, much has been learned about functions these organelles. Lysosomes were regarded as exclusively degradative organelles, but recent research shown that they play essential roles in several other cellular functions, such nutrient sensing, intracellular signalling and metabolism. Methodological advances played a key part generating our current knowledge biology this multifaceted organelle. In review, we cover methods used to analyze lysosome morphology, positioning, motility function. We highlight principles behind methods, methodological strategies their advantages limitations. To extract accurate information avoid misinterpretations, discuss best identify assess characteristics functions. With aim stimulate an increase quantity quality on further ground‐breaking discoveries organelle continues surprise excite cell biologists.

Язык: Английский

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Strategies to overcome the main challenges of the use of exosomes as drug carrier for cancer therapy

Cancer Cell International, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2022

Abstract Exosomes are naturally occurring nanosized particles that aid intercellular communication by transmitting biological information between cells. have therapeutic efficacy can transfer their contents cells as natural carriers. In addition, the exosomal delivered to recipient pathological significantly inhibit cancer progression. However, exosome-based tumor treatments inadequately precise or successful, and various challenges should be adequately overcome. Here, we discuss significant exosomes face drug carriers used for targets strategies overcoming these in order promote this new incoming carrier further improve future clinical outcomes. We also present techniques challenges.

Язык: Английский

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How to turn an organism into a model organism in 10 ‘easy’ steps

Journal of Experimental Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 223(Suppl_1)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2020

ABSTRACT Many of the major biological discoveries 20th century were made using just six species: Escherichia coli bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes, Drosophila melanogaster flies Mus musculus mice. Our molecular understanding cell division cycle, embryonic development, clocks metabolism all obtained through genetic analysis these species. Yet ‘big 6’ did not start out as model organisms (hereafter ‘model organisms’), so how they mature into such powerful systems? First, are abundant human commensals: bacteria in our gut, yeast beer bread, nematodes compost pile, kitchen mice walls. Because this, cheaply, easily rapidly bred laboratory addition amenable to analysis. How why should we add additional species this roster? We argue that specialist will reveal new secrets important areas biology with modern technological innovations like next-generation sequencing CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, time is ripe move beyond big 6. In review, chart a 10-step path goal, own experience Aedes aegypti mosquito, which built organism for neurobiology one decade. Insights deadly disease vector require work mosquito itself rather than modeling its another

Язык: Английский

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Fluorescence Microscopy—An Outline of Hardware, Biological Handling, and Fluorophore Considerations

Cells, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(1), С. 35 - 35

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2021

Fluorescence microscopy has become a critical tool for researchers to understand biological processes at the cellular level. Micrographs from fixed and live-cell imaging procedures feature in plethora of scientific articles field cell biology, but complexities fluorescence as an can sometimes be overlooked or misunderstood. This review seeks cover three fundamental considerations when designing experiments: (1) hardware availability; (2) amenability models microscopy; (3) suitability agents intended applications. will help equip reader make judicious decisions experiments that deliver high-resolution informative images biology.

Язык: Английский

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Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Disease: Recent Advances in Fly Highlight Innovative Approaches to Drug Discovery

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases represent a formidable challenge to global health. As advances in other areas of medicine grant healthy living into later decades life, aging such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neurodegenerative disorders can diminish the quality these additional years, owed largely lack efficacious treatments absence durable cures. prevalence is predicted more than double next 30 affecting nearly 15 million Americans, with AD-associated costs exceeding $1 billion by 2050. Delaying onset AD critical improving life for patients reducing burden on caregivers healthcare systems. Significant progress has been made model pathogenesis identify points therapeutic intervention. While some researchers have contributed our understanding proteins pathways that drive biological dysfunction using vitro vivo models, others provided mathematical, biophysical, computational technologies potential compounds silico modeling. The most exciting phase drug discovery process now: applying target-directed approach leverages strengths multiple techniques validates lead hits Drosophila an animal disease, we are fast-track identifying novel therapeutics restore health those impacted disease.

Язык: Английский

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Single 5-nm quantum dot detection via microtoroid optical resonator photothermal microscopy

Light Science & Applications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2024

Label-free detection techniques for single particles and molecules play an important role in basic science, disease diagnostics, nanomaterial investigations. While fluorescence-based methods are tools molecule imaging, they limited by available molecular probes photoblinking photobleaching. Photothermal microscopy has emerged as a label-free imaging technique capable of detecting individual nanoabsorbers with high sensitivity. Whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators can confine light small volume enhanced light-matter interaction thus promising ultra-sensitive photothermal platform. Previously, microtoroid optical resonators were combined to detect 250 nm long gold nanorods 100 polymers. Here, we combine microtoroids spatially 5 diameter quantum dots (QDs) signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 10

Язык: Английский

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REAVER: A program for improved analysis of high‐resolution vascular network images

Microcirculation, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 27(5)

Опубликована: Март 16, 2020

Abstract Alterations in vascular networks, including angiogenesis and capillary regression, play key roles disease, wound healing, development. The spatial structures of blood vessels can be captured through imaging, but effective characterization network architecture requires both metrics for quantification software to carry out the analysis a high‐throughput unbiased fashion. We present Rapid Editable Analysis Vessel Elements Routine (REAVER), an open‐source tool that researchers use analyze high‐resolution 2D fluorescent images vessel assess its performance compared alternative image programs. Using dataset manually analyzed from variety murine tissues as ground‐truth, REAVER exhibited high accuracy precision all quantified, length density, area fraction, mean diameter, branchpoint count, along with highest pixel‐by‐pixel segmentation network. In instances where REAVER's automated is inaccurate, we show combining manual curation improves metrics. used quantify differences architectures, making it useful experiments designed evaluate effects different external perturbations (eg, drugs or disease states).

Язык: Английский

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Photonic neural probe enabled microendoscopes for light-sheet light-field computational fluorescence brain imaging

Neurophotonics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(S1)

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024

SignificanceLight-sheet fluorescence microscopy is widely used for high-speed, high-contrast, volumetric imaging. Application of this technique to in vivo brain imaging non-transparent organisms has been limited by the geometric constraints conventional light-sheet microscopes, which require orthogonal excitation and collection objectives. We have recently demonstrated implantable photonic neural probes that emit addressable light sheets at depth tissue, miniaturizing optics. Here, we propose a microendoscope consisting probe packaged together with miniaturized optics based on an image fiber bundle lensless, light-field, computational imaging.AimFoundry-fabricated, silicon-based, can be commercially available bundles form microendoscopes light-field tissue.ApproachPrototype were developed using five bundles. Fluorescence was tested fluorescent beads suspended agarose fixed mouse tissue.ResultsVolumetric microendoscopes. Increased enhanced reconstruction accuracy observed relative epi-illumination only bundle.ConclusionsOur work offers solution toward tissue compact size high contrast. The proof-of-concept demonstrations herein illustrate operating principles methods approach, providing foundation future investigations enabled deep-brain vivo.

Язык: Английский

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3D super-resolution deep-tissue imaging in living mice

Optica, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8(4), С. 442 - 442

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2021

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy enables the three-dimensional (3D) visualization of dynamic nanoscale structures in living cells, offering unique insights into their organization. However, 3D-STED imaging deep inside biological tissue is obstructed by optical aberrations and light scattering. We present a STED system that overcomes these challenges. Through combination two-photon excitation, adaptive optics, red-emitting organic dyes, long-working-distance water-immersion objective lens, our achieves aberration-corrected 3D super-resolution imaging, which we demonstrate 164 µm fixed mouse brain 76 mouse.

Язык: Английский

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