Vandalism. Why Doesn’t the “Broken Windows” Theory Work?
Psychology and Law,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(3), С. 26 - 38
Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2024
<p
style="text-align:
justify;">Vandalism
is
a
widespread
phenomenon
that
causes
material
damage
and
contributes
to
the
degradation
of
urban
environment,
which
requires
introduction
effective
preventive
measures
based
on
an
understanding
genesis
phenomenology
vandalism.
One
basic
theories
used
in
prevention
vandalism
“broken
windows”
theory.
The
theory
suggests
spread
vandal
transformations
caused
by
initial
signals
potential
for
norm
violations,
weak
social
control,
insufficient
sanctioning
such
violations.
Minor
signs
tolerance
deviance
environment
(graffiti,
littering,
etc.)
may
contribute
serious
delinquent
behavior.
As
result,
has
been
central
“zero
tolerance”
policy.
There
are
valid
criticisms
theory,
related
both
its
evidence
base
failure
account
complex
causal
relationships
operation
norms.
Regarding
vandalism,
limitations
diversity
forms
activity,
each
regulated
separate
norms,
lack
desire
anonymity
or
avoidance
sanctions
some
vandals,
tactical
nature
close
connection
with
cultural
foundations
community.</p>
Язык: Английский
Cognitive Mechanisms of Graffiti: Compression, Defocusing, and Focusing
Nauchnyi Dialog,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(8), С. 171 - 187
Опубликована: Окт. 27, 2024
This
study
aims
to
identify
the
predominant
cognitive
mechanisms
underlying
graffiti.
The
analysis
is
based
on
photographs
of
over
2000
instances
urban
graphic
defacement
(i.e.,
graffiti)
documented
in
major
cities
across
Russia,
including
Yekaterinburg,
Moscow,
Saint
Petersburg,
and
Nizhny
Novgorod.
Utilizing
content
expert
evaluation
methods,
research
delineates
three
key
that
contribute
semantic
unity
first
mechanism,
compression,
manifests
defacements
through
linguistic
play
or
transmission
discursive
texts.
second
defocusing,
linguistically
actualized
technique
absurdity
(everyday
anchors
illogicality)
activation
emotion
surprise.
It
noted
surprise
elicits
various
reactions
from
audience
—
such
as
loss
control,
bewilderment,
uncertainty
which
subsequently
leads
prolonged
retention
memory
meanings
embedded
respective
graffiti
against
a
backdrop
vivid
atypical
psycho-emotional
states.
third
focusing,
embodied
philosophical
Язык: Английский