Dust Events over the Urmia Lake Basin, NW Iran, in 2009–2022 and Their Potential Sources

Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(13), С. 2384 - 2384

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

Nowadays, dried lake beds constitute the largest source of saline dust storms, with serious environmental and health issues in surrounding areas. In this study, we examined spatial–temporal distribution monthly annual events varying intensity (dust suspension, blowing dust, storms) vicinity desiccated Urmia Lake northwestern (NW) Iran, based on horizontal visibility data during 2009–2022. Dust storm exhibited different patterns, higher frequencies between March October, especially southern eastern parts Basin. Furthermore, intra-annual variations aerosol optical depth at 500 nm (AOD550) Ångström exponent 412/470 (AE) were investigated using Terra/Aqua MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) over Basin (36–39°N, 44–47°E). Monthly distributions potential coarse (AE < 1) sources affecting lower troposphere reconstructed, synergizing AOD550 for AE 1 values HYSPLIT_4 backward trajectories. The reconstructed patterns compared spatial Terra Middle East Central Asia (20–70°E, 20–50°N). results showed that deserts Aral–Caspian arid region (ACAR) mostly contribute to load region, exhibiting frequency spring early summer. Local from further AOD, western part April. modeling (DREAM8-NMME-MACC) revealed high concentrations near-surface concentrations, which may have effects local population, while distant are main controlling factors loading

Язык: Английский

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Harnessing Salt Crusts From Lake Urmia: A Sustainable Approach to Soil Stabilisation and Dust Mitigation

Soil Use and Management, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 41(2)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Wind erosion poses significant environmental and health challenges, particularly in arid regions, where it contributes to soil degradation intensifies dust storms. This study evaluates the potential of supersaturated brine (SC‐brine), derived from Lake Urmia's salt crusts, stabilise erosion‐prone soils three distinct sources. The aim was investigate mineralogical, microstructural mechanical transformations induced by SC‐brine treatment, using techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive (FESEM‐EDX) compressive strength testing. Soil samples were collected sources varying textures mineralogical compositions. SC‐brine, prepared concentrating magnesium‐ sodium‐rich salts Urmia, applied soils. Results showed crust formation improved across all samples. Dust Source 1, rich carbonates, exhibited uniform cementation consistent (maximum: 881.99 kPa). 2, higher silt clay content, achieved highest overall stability, a maximum 1289.96 kPa thickest (13.3 mm). 3, dominated quartz, localised precipitation (4940.26 kPa) but lacked depth stability due its sandy texture. XRD FESEM‐EDX analyses identified halite bischofite key stabilisation mechanisms, variations linked mineralogy. These findings highlight sustainable, cost‐effective solution for enhancing reducing emissions regions. Future work should focus on optimising composition application methods maximise effectiveness diverse types.

Язык: Английский

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Long-Term Wind and Air Temperature Patterns in the Southeastern Region of Iran through Model Simulation and Ground Observations

Atmosphere, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(8), С. 993 - 993

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2024

Dust storms are one of the important natural hazards that affect lives inhabitants all around world, especially in North Africa and Middle East. In this study, wind speed, direction, air temperature patterns investigated dustiest cities Sistan Basin, Zahedan City, located southeast Iran, over a 17-year period (2004–2020) using WRF model ground observation data. The city is near dust source mostly affected by local storms. World Meteorology Organization (WMO) dust-related codes show was dust, with 52 percent total events occurring during (2004–2021). city’s weather station reported 17.5% 43% were minimum maximum dusty days, respectively, 2004–2021. summer July considered season month city. Since temperature, direction factors rising propagation, these meteorological simulated Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) for station. model’s output found to be highly correlated data; however, simulation overestimated when compared data study (2004–2020). had reasonable performance class frequency distribution at station, demonstrating 42.6% between 0.5 2, which good agreement (42% range 0.5–2). So, effectively despite overestimating speed as well minimum, maximum, average temperatures period.

Язык: Английский

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Application of combined WRF-Chem and HYSPLIT models for dust storm detection in Central Iran (case study of Isfahan province, May 21-23, 2016)

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024

Dust is one of the most important problems human societies in arid and semi-arid areas. This study analyzed rising propagation dust storm from May 21 to 23, 2016 Isfahan province (central Iran) by using WRF-Chem HYSPLYT models. The was visualized MODIS sensor data Terra Aqua satellites, emission transport simulated for central Iran with AFWA GOCART schemes,. results showed that amount concentration on Sistan Baluchistan Persian Gulf as high 2000 mg/m³ both schemes estimate highest emissions parts eastern part province. PM10 Yazd station used verify model outputs, which scheme has a higher correlation coefficient observations (0.62) than scheme. case suggests reasonably simulate but improvements are still needed accurate prediction concentrations extents.

Язык: Английский

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