Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2023
The newly emerged variants of SARS-CoV-2 created a potential threat among societies and highlighted one the significant concerns in facing pandemic. harboring mutations structural protein, especially RBD domain spike have raised concern about immune escape. protein play vital role infection is an important target for neutralizing antibodies. that occur proteins, lead to changes virus attributes transmissibility, increase disease severity, notable reduction antibodies generated, thus decreased response vaccines therapy. against has been reported mainly through innate responses rather than adaptive responses. invades host's immunity, possibly inducing cytokine storm, impairing type I IFN responses, suppressing antigens presentation T cells. Therefore, required combat infection. infections activated both arms immunity; humoral cell-mediated immunity. observed multiple compromised showed escape because it increases affinity binding with ACE-2 receptor host cells resistance Cytotoxic T-cell are crucial controlling from infected tissues clearing them circulation. CD8+cytotoxic identify directly kill by releasing soluble mediators perforin granzymes. functional exhaustion cytotoxic may severity disease. expression activation markers could indicate hyperactivation or exhaustion; exact implication not yet understood infections. These at critical residues influence antigenic profile SARS-CoV-2, which evade reduce immunogenicity efficacy vaccines. be recognized as primary drugs. This review article summarizes impact RBD, on immunogenicity, escape, vaccine-induced potentially contribute future studies focusing vaccine design immunotherapy.
Язык: Английский