The Key Role of Amino Acids in Pollen Quality and Honey Bee Physiology—A Review
Molecules,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
29(11), С. 2605 - 2605
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024
When
studying
honey
bee
nutrition,
it
is
important
to
pay
attention
not
only
the
quantity
but
also
quality
of
pollen
for
floral
visitors.
The
recommended
way
determine
value
both
protein
concentration
and
amino
acid
composition
in
insect’s
hemolymph.
In
addition,
includes
lipids,
sterols
biogenic
elements
such
as
carbon,
nitrogen,
etc.
Very
high
observed
aloe
pollen,
averaging
51%.
Plants
with
a
content,
at
level
27%
Europe,
are
rapeseed
phacelia.
turn,
plant
that
poor
(at
11%)
buckwheat.
aforementioned
plants
sown
over
very
large
areas.
Vast
acreages
Central
Eastern
Europe
occupied
by
pollen-
nectar-providing
invasive
plants,
goldenrod.
Therefore,
bees
forced
use
one
food
source—a
mono
diet—which
results
their
malnutrition.
absence
natural
beekeepers
other
foods
bees;
including
soy
protein,
powdered
milk,
egg
yolks,
fish
meal,
However,
colony
strongest
when
fed
opposed
artificial
diets.
More
research
needed
on
relationship
between
measured
apian
hemolymph,
strength,
yield
good
overwintering.
Язык: Английский
Antioxidant and Tyrosinase-Inhibitory Activities and Biological Bioactivities of Flavonoid Derivatives from Quercus mongolica Pollen
Molecules,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
30(4), С. 794 - 794
Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2025
Flavonoids,
present
in
plants
as
enriched
secondary
metabolites,
prevent
various
stresses
such
temperature
fluctuations,
acidity,
and
insect
predation,
are
commonly
found
leaves,
stems,
flowers,
serve
important
bioactive
components.
In
this
study,
a
total
of
eighteen
different
flavonoids,
including
one
newly
identified
flavonoid
glycoside,
were
successfully
isolated
from
the
pollen
Quercus
mongolica.
The
structure
novel
compound
was
determined
using
nuclear
magnetic
resonance,
mass
spectrometry,
infrared
spectroscopy.
Additionally,
GC
analysis
conducted
to
determine
sugar
moiety
new
compound,
confirming
specific
type
disaccharide
present.
18
compounds
classified
glycosides
(1-10),
flavonoids
(11-17),
isoflavone
(18).
All
evaluated
for
their
tyrosinase
inhibitory
antioxidant
activities,
structure-activity
relationships
(SARs)
also
evaluated.
Compounds
12
16
showed
higher
activities
compared
kojic
acid
positive
control.
2,
5,
8,
12,
13,
14,
demonstrated
potent
activities.
Among
these
compounds,
5
even
activity
than
ascorbic
acid.
Structure-activity
relationship
revealed
that
tyrosinase-inhibitory
enhanced
with
hydroxy
group
C-3
or
C-3't
aglycones
glycosides.
These
findings
indicate
and/or
extracts
Q.
mongolica
valuable
natural
resources
applications
pharmaceutical
cosmetic
industries.
Язык: Английский
Antioxidant-Rich Polyfloral Bee Pollen Exerts Antimicrobial Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Effect in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells by Modulating the NF-κB Pathway
Foods,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(5), С. 802 - 802
Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025
Bee
pollen
is
produced
by
honeybees
from
the
agglutination
of
grains
belonging
to
one
or
more
plant
species.
Although
it
intended
be
a
nutritional
source
for
hive,
its
remarkable
concentration
nutrients
and
phytochemicals,
combined
with
pleasant
organoleptic
qualities,
makes
appealing
human
consumption.
This
study
examined
phytochemical
content
antioxidant
antimicrobial
activities
polyfloral
bee
collected
in
Tuscany
(Italy).
Additionally,
less
studied
anti-inflammatory
potential
towards
tumor
necrosis
factor-alpha
(TNF-α)-inflamed
A549
cells
was
evaluated
assess
possible
use
inflammatory
respiratory
diseases.
extract
(BPE)
chemically
characterized
terms
total
polyphenol
(20.2
±
1.5
mg
gallic
acid
equivalents/g
fw),
flavonoid
(9.22
0.64
quercetin
carotenoid
(10.4
1.4
µg
carotenoids/g
fw)
contents.
BPE
exerted
good
antiradical
ferric
reducing
power
(38.6
4.5
Fe2+/g
oxygen
radical
absorbance
capacity
(433.77
18.95
μmol
TE/g
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(EC50
=
613.8
79.2
μg/mL)
assays.
inhibited
growth
Bacillus
subtilis
Pseudomonas
stutzeri
(MIC
10
mg/mL)
microdilution
assay.
When
TNF-α-inflamed
were
pretreated
(10
50
µg/mL),
upregulated
interleukin-8
gene
cyclooxygenase-2
protein
expression
significantly
attenuated.
modulated
nuclear
factor-κB
signaling
pathway
decreasing
active
phosphorylated
form
levels.
These
encouraging
results
confirm
that
honeybee
valuable
health-promoting
food
could
alleviate
component
various
chronic
pulmonary
conditions.
Язык: Английский
Changes in Ascorbic Acid, Phenolic Compound Content, and Antioxidant Activity In Vitro in Bee Pollen Depending on Storage Conditions: Impact of Drying and Freezing
Antioxidants,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(4), С. 462 - 462
Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2025
Bee
pollen
(BP)
is
a
very
valuable
bee
product,
and
its
value
depends
on
proteins,
lipids,
amino
acids,
carbohydrates,
vitamins,
minerals,
biologically
active
compounds
such
as
phenolic
compounds,
which
may
change
depending
the
method
of
preparation
after
collection
storage
conditions.
Therefore,
it
important
to
determine
when
decline
in
bioactive
BP
occurs
during
storage.
The
purpose
this
study
was
evaluate
changes
content
ascorbic
acid
antioxidant
activity
extracts
their
conditions
over
15-month
period,
with
assessments
conducted
every
3
months.
Dried
(at
+28
°C
first
day
+35
second
day)
frozen
(−20
−80
°C)
samples
were
prepared.
After
months
storage,
there
no
decrease
BP;
however,
decreased
by
20%
dried
(p
<
0.05).
It
determined
that
BP,
total
12–14%
0.05)
6
months,
7%
levels
flavonoids
10–17%
Chlorogenic
p-coumaric
acids
have
been
observed
most
abundant
BP.
During
(the
6–15-month
period),
strongest
antiradical
reducing
vitro
estimated
(−80
1.8–3.4-fold
2.6–3.1-fold
higher,
respectively,
compared
extracts.
In
conclusion,
significant
results
obtained,
showing
better
stability
pollen.
Melisopalynological
analysis
revealed
polyfloral
mixture,
Salix
spp.
Brassica
napus
L.
predominating
all
samples,
comprising
34.3%
36.8%,
respectively.
Among
these,
Acer
platanoides
L.,
Malus
domestica
Borkh.,
Taraxacum
officinale
minor
pollens
present
examined.
Язык: Английский
Chemical Properties and Biological Activity of Bee Pollen
Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2023
Pollen,
a
remarkably
versatile
natural
compound
collected
by
bees
for
its
abundant
source
of
proteins
and
nutrients,
represents
rich
reservoir
diverse
bioactive
compounds
with
noteworthy
chemical
therapeutic
potential.
Its
large
range
biological
effects
has
been
known
exploited
since
ancient
times.
Today,
there
is
an
increased
interest
in
finding
agaisnt
oxidative
stress,
factor
that
contributes
to
various
diseases.
Recent
research
unraveled
multitude
activities
associated
bee
pollen,
ranging
from
antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory,
antimicrobial,
antifungal
properties
potential
antiviral
anticancer
applications.
Comprehending
the
extensive
repertoire
across
pollen
sources
remains
challenge.
By
investigating
spectrum
types
their
composition,
this
review
produces
updated
analysis
constituents
prospects
they
offer.
The
findings
emphasize
necessity
further
exploration
standardization
could
contribute
development
innovative
therapies.
Язык: Английский
Antitumor Effects and the Potential Mechanism of 10-HDA against SU-DHL-2 Cells
Pharmaceuticals,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(8), С. 1088 - 1088
Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024
10-hydroxy-2-decenoic
acid
(10-HDA),
which
is
a
unique
bioactive
fatty
of
royal
jelly
synthesized
by
nurse
bees
for
larvae
and
adult
queen
bees,
recognized
its
dual
utility
in
medicinal
nutritional
applications.
Previous
research
has
indicated
that
10-HDA
exerts
antitumor
effects
on
numerous
tumor
cell
lines,
including
colon
cancer
cells,
A549
human
lung
hepatoma
cells.
The
present
study
extends
this
inquiry
to
lymphoma,
specifically
evaluating
the
impact
SU-DHL-2
line.
Our
findings
revealed
dose-dependent
suppression
survival,
with
an
IC50
496.8
μg/mL
at
density
3
×
106
cells/well
after
24
h.
For
normal
liver
LO2
cells
fibroblasts
(HSFs),
values
were
approximately
1000
over
μg/mL,
respectively.
results
label-free
proteomics
147
upregulated
347
downregulated
differentially
expressed
proteins
significantly
enriched
complement
coagulation
cascades
pathway
(adjusted
p-value
=
0.012),
prothrombin,
plasminogen,
carboxypeptidase
B2,
fibrinogen
beta
chain,
gamma
factor
V.
top
three
hub
proteins,
ribosomal
protein
L5,
p53,
L24,
identified
via
protein–protein
interaction
(PPI)
analysis.
This
result
showed
cascade
pathways
might
play
key
role
process
10-HDA,
suggesting
potential
therapeutic
avenue
lymphoma
treatment.
However,
specificity
effect
warrants
further
investigation.
Язык: Английский
Enhancing the Nutritional and Bioactive Properties of Bee Pollen: A Comprehensive Review of Processing Techniques
Foods,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(21), С. 3437 - 3437
Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2024
Bee
pollen
is
recognized
as
a
superfood
due
to
its
high
content
of
nutrients
and
bioactive
compounds.
However,
bioavailability
restricted
by
degradation-resistant
outer
layer
known
exine.
Physical
biotechnological
techniques
have
recently
been
developed
degrade
this
improve
pollen’s
nutritional
functional
profile.
This
review
examines
how
processing
methods
such
fermentation,
enzymatic
hydrolysis,
ultrasound,
drying
affect
chemical
profile,
nutrient
content,
The
also
considers
changes
in
exine
structure
possible
synergistic
effects
between
these
methods.
In
addition,
the
challenges
associated
with
commercialization
processed
bee
are
examined,
including
issues
product
standardization,
stability
during
storage,
market
acceptance.
objective
was
provide
an
understanding
efficacy
techniques,
their
physicochemical
conditions,
effect
on
value
pollen.
work
analyzes
whether
transformation
necessary
maximize
benefits
offers
conclusions
based
analysis
available
methods,
helping
determine
valid
strategy
for
inclusion
foods
impact
consumer
health.
Although
literature
reports
that
influences
final
quality,
further
studies
needed
demonstrate
need
modification,
which
could
lead
greater
availability
pollen-based
products
properties.
Язык: Английский