Cell Type Specific Extracellular Vesicles and Their Impact on Health and Disease
Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
a
diverse
group
of
cell-derived
exocytosed
particles,
are
pivotal
in
mediating
intercellular
communication
due
to
their
ability
selectively
transfer
biomolecules
specific
cell
types.
EVs,
composed
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
and
lipids,
taken
up
by
cells
affect
variety
signaling
cascades.
Research
the
field
has
primarily
focused
on
stem-cell
derived
with
particular
focus
mesenchymal
stem
cells,
for
potential
therapeutic
benefits.
Recently,
tissue
EVs
or
type
extracellular
(CTS-EVs),
have
garnered
attention
unique
biogenesis
molecular
composition
because
they
enable
highly
targeted
cell-specific
communication.
Various
studies
outlined
roles
that
CTS-EVs
play
physiological
function
maintenance
homeostasis,
including
immune
modulation,
regeneration,
organ
development.
These
properties
also
exploited
disease
propagation,
such
as
cancer,
neurological
disorders,
infectious
diseases,
autoimmune
conditions,
more.
The
insights
gained
from
analyzing
different
biological
not
only
enhance
our
understanding
pathogenesis,
but
open
new
avenues
innovative
diagnostic
biomarkers
targets
wide
spectrum
medical
conditions.
This
review
comprehensively
outlines
current
CTS-EV
origins,
within
normal
physiology,
implications
diseased
states.
Язык: Английский
GFAP as Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Cargo in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients—A Pilot Study
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(11), С. 5726 - 5726
Опубликована: Май 24, 2024
The
utility
of
serum
glial
fibrillary
acidic
protein
(GFAP)
in
acute
ischemic
stroke
(AIS)
has
been
extensively
studied
recent
years.
Here,
we
aimed
to
assess
its
potential
role
as
a
cargo
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
secreted
by
astrocytes
(ADEVs)
response
brain
ischemia.
Plasma
samples
from
eighteen
AIS
patients
at
24
h
(D1),
7
days
(D7),
and
one
month
(M1)
post-symptoms
onset,
nine
age,
sex,
cardiovascular
risk
factor-matched
healthy
controls
were
obtained
isolate
EVs
using
the
Exoquick
ULTRA
EV
kit.
Subsets
presumed
ADEVs
identified
further
expression
glutamate
aspartate
transporter
(GLAST)
specific
marker
with
Basic
Exo-Flow
Capture
Western
blotting
tested
presence
GFAP
ADEV
cargo.
Post-stroke
levels
elevated
D1
D7
but
not
M1
compared
(p
=
0.007,
p
0.019,
0.344,
respectively).
Significant
differences
highlighted
content
three
time
points
(n
12,
0.027)
between
(z
2.65,
0.023).
A
positive
correlation
was
observed
modified
Rankin
Scale
(mRS)
(r
0.58,
0.010)
0.57,
0.013),
respectively.
may
dynamically
reflect
changes
during
first
post-ischemia.
Profiling
peripheral
blood
could
provide
new
way
central
nervous
system
pathology.
Язык: Английский
Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Therapeutic Signaling in Spinal Cord Injury
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(2), С. 723 - 723
Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025
Mesenchymal
stem
cell-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(MSC-EVs)
have
emerged
as
a
promising
therapeutic
strategy
for
spinal
cord
injury
(SCI).
These
nanosized
possess
unique
properties
such
low
immunogenicity
and
the
ability
to
cross
biological
barriers,
making
them
ideal
carriers
delivering
bioactive
molecules
injured
tissues.
MSC-EVs
been
demonstrated
exert
multiple
beneficial
effects
in
SCI,
including
reducing
inflammation,
promoting
neuroprotection,
enhancing
axonal
regeneration.
Recent
studies
delved
into
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
MSC-EV-mediated
effects.
Exosomal
microRNAs
(miRNAs)
identified
key
regulators
of
various
cellular
processes
involved
SCI
pathogenesis
repair.
miRNAs
can
influence
oxidative
stress,
apoptosis
by
modulating
gene
expression.
This
review
summarized
current
state
MSC-EV-based
therapies
highlighting
potential
clinical
applications.
We
discussed
challenges
limitations
translating
these
practice,
inconsistent
EV
production,
complex
cargo
composition,
need
targeted
delivery
strategies.
Future
research
should
focus
on
optimizing
production
characterization,
identifying
miRNAs,
developing
innovative
systems
maximize
SCI.
Язык: Английский
Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Perspective on Comparative Therapeutics and Targeted Nanocarrier Application
Vaccines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(11), С. 1282 - 1282
Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2024
Milk-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(mEVs)
are
emerging
as
promising
therapeutic
candidates
due
to
their
unique
properties
and
versatile
functions.
These
play
a
crucial
role
in
immunomodulation
by
influencing
macrophage
differentiation
cytokine
production,
potentially
aiding
the
treatment
of
conditions
such
bone
loss,
fibrosis,
cancer.
mEVs
also
have
capacity
modulate
gut
microbiota
composition,
which
may
alleviate
symptoms
inflammatory
bowel
diseases
promote
intestinal
barrier
integrity.
Their
potential
drug
delivery
vehicles
is
significant,
enhancing
stability,
solubility,
bioavailability
anticancer
agents
while
supporting
wound
healing
reducing
inflammation.
Additionally,
bovine
exhibit
anti-aging
protect
skin
cells
from
UV
damage.
As
vaccine
platforms,
offer
advantages
including
biocompatibility,
antigen
protection,
ability
elicit
robust
immune
responses
through
targeted
specific
cells.
Despite
these
applications,
challenges
persist,
complex
roles
cancer,
effective
loading,
regulatory
hurdles,
need
for
standardized
production
methods.
Achieving
high
targeting
specificity
understanding
long-term
effects
mEV-based
therapies
essential
clinical
translation.
Ongoing
research
aims
optimize
mEV
methods,
enhance
capabilities,
conduct
rigorous
preclinical
studies.
By
addressing
challenges,
hold
revolutionize
development
delivery,
ultimately
improving
outcomes
across
various
medical
fields.
Язык: Английский
Role of Redox Homeostasis in the Communication Between Brain and Liver Through Extracellular Vesicles
Antioxidants,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(12), С. 1493 - 1493
Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
small,
membrane-bound
particles
secreted
by
cells
into
the
extracellular
environment,
playing
an
increasingly
recognized
role
in
inter-organ
communication
and
regulation
of
various
physiological
processes.
Regarding
redox
homeostasis
context,
EVs
play
a
pivotal
propagating
mitigating
oxidative
stress
signals
across
different
organs.
Cells
under
release
containing
signaling
molecules
that
can
influence
status
distant
tissues.
starting
to
be
as
contributors
brain-liver
communication.
Therefore,
this
review,
we
show
how
imbalance
affect
brain
liver.
We
propose
mediators
axis.
Язык: Английский