Recovery of Lesser-Known Strategic Metals: The Gallium and Germanium Cases DOI Open Access
José Ignacio Robla, Manuel Moreno Alonso, Francisco José Alguacil

и другие.

Processes, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(11), С. 2545 - 2545

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2024

Being not as popular other elements, such cobalt, lithium, and rare earth both gallium germanium have wide use in target developments/industries, thus making them valuable strategically critical metals. The principal sources for the recovery of metals are secondary wastes bauxite (gallium) or zinc (germanium) industries; also, their recycling from waste materials is necessary. characteristics these make hydrometallurgical operations widely useful recovering various containing them. present work reviews most recent applications (in 2024) applied to resources.

Язык: Английский

Some Recent Advances on Germanium Recovery from Various Resources DOI Open Access
Francisco José Alguacil, José Ignacio Robla

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

Though nowadays germanium do not reach the range of popularity than other metals, i.e. rare earth elements, its utility in target industries makes it also a strategic metal. can be find series raw materials, principal source for recovery is from secondary wastes zinc industry, and also, recycle germanium-bearing waste materials becoming interest. In this recovery, Hydrometallurgy performing key role to successful achievement goal. The present work reviews most recent applications (2023 2024 years) hydrometallurgical operations on different solid liquid sources.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

3

Challenges and Opportunities in Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Germanium from Coal By-Products DOI Creative Commons
Ewa Rudnik

Molecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 30(8), С. 1695 - 1695

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025

Germanium, a critical material for advanced technologies, is enriched in certain coal deposits and by-products, including combustion gasification fly ashes. This review examines germanium concentrations occurrence modes coal, gangue, their or as well hydrometallurgical recovery methods at laboratory, pilot, industrial scales. Fly ashes from both are particularly promising due to higher content rates, which can exceed 90% under optimal conditions. However, the low high levels of impurities leachates pose challenges, necessitating development innovative selective separation techniques, primarily involving solvent extraction, ion exchange, adsorption.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0

Recovery of Lesser-Known Strategic Metals: The Gallium and Germanium Cases DOI Open Access
José Ignacio Robla, Manuel Moreno Alonso, Francisco José Alguacil

и другие.

Processes, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(11), С. 2545 - 2545

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2024

Being not as popular other elements, such cobalt, lithium, and rare earth both gallium germanium have wide use in target developments/industries, thus making them valuable strategically critical metals. The principal sources for the recovery of metals are secondary wastes bauxite (gallium) or zinc (germanium) industries; also, their recycling from waste materials is necessary. characteristics these make hydrometallurgical operations widely useful recovering various containing them. present work reviews most recent applications (in 2024) applied to resources.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1