The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Vascular Dementia

Cells, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(8), С. 609 - 609

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a heterogeneous group of brain disorders caused by cerebrovascular pathologies and the second most common cause dementia, accounting for over 20% cases posing an important global health concern. VaD can be cerebral infarction or injury in critical regions, including speech area dominant hemisphere arcuate fasciculus hemisphere, leading to notable cognitive impairment. Although exact causes remain multifactorial complex, oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species), neuroinflammation (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β), inflammasomes are considered central mechanisms its pathology. These conditions contribute neuronal damage, synaptic dysfunction, decline. Thus, antioxidants anti-inflammatory agents have emerged as potential therapeutic targets dementia. Recent studies emphasize that disease plays dual role: first, primary impairment then contributor manifestation driven other factors, such Alzheimer’s neurodegenerative conditions. This comprehensive review focuses on molecular their consequences. We provided up-to-date knowledge about epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, current approaches VaD.

Язык: Английский

Effects of Sildenafil on the Recovery of Cognitive Function and the Protection of Neuronal Cell Death Following Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia in Gerbils

Опубликована: Май 21, 2024

Cerebral ischemic stroke poses a significant global cause of death, with ischemia-reperfusion injury contributing to neuronal cell death and tissue damage. However, therapeutic approaches meaningful treatment effects for patients in actual clinical practice are lacking. This study investigated the potential neuroprotective sildenafil, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, cerebral ischemia model. We explored impact sildenafil on GFAP AQP-4 expression, which markers associated astrocyte activation water homeostasis, respectively. The immunofluorescence analysis revealed that number cells co-expressing markers, increased ischemia-induced group, was significantly reduced sildenafil-treated groups, suggesting mitigating effect activation. Additionally, we conducted diverse behavioral tests, including open-field test, novel object recognition, Barnes maze, Y-maze, passive avoidance assess cognitive function impaired by ischemia. Cognitive improvements were observed following administration (20mg/kg) compared untreated group. Taken together, results presented here suggest sildenafil's as agent alleviating delayed

Язык: Английский