Plant Secondary Metabolites—Central Regulators Against Abiotic and Biotic Stresses DOI Creative Commons
Ameer Khan,

Farah Kanwal,

Sana Ullah

и другие.

Metabolites, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(4), С. 276 - 276

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2025

As global climates shift, plants are increasingly exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses that adversely affect their growth development, ultimately reducing agricultural productivity. To counter these stresses, produce secondary metabolites (SMs), which critical biochemical essential compounds serve as primary defense mechanisms. These diverse compounds, such alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic nitrogen/sulfur-containing act natural protectants against herbivores, pathogens, oxidative stress. Despite the well-documented protective roles of SMs, precise mechanisms by environmental factors modulate accumulation under different stress conditions not fully understood. This review provides comprehensive insights into recent advances in understanding functions SMs plant emphasizing regulatory networks biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, we explored unique contributions individual SM classes responses while integrating findings across entire spectrum diversity, providing a resilience multiple conditions. Finally, highlight emerging strategies for harnessing improve crop through genetic engineering present novel solutions enhance sustainability changing climate.

Язык: Английский

Circular Economy on a Small Scale: The Sustainable Use of Olive Tree Biomass Residues as Feed for Lactating Cows in the Sorrento Peninsula DOI Open Access
Felicia Masucci, Francesco Serrapica, Lucia De Luca

и другие.

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(3), С. 845 - 845

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

To enhance the sustainability of marginal olive and dairy farms in Sorrento peninsula, two separate crossover trials were conducted on area to evaluate pruning residue (OlPr) mill leaves (OlLes) as forage sources for lactating cows. Each trial lasted six weeks consisted treatment periods, each including a 15-day adaptation phase followed by 6-day measurement phase. During phase, milk production, feed intake, consumption assessed homogeneous cow groups: one receiving ration supplemented with by-products other control diet. The olive-supplemented groups exhibited higher dry matter intake roughage (hay + residue) compared groups. OlLes was about 30% than that OlPr. Compared respective control, from OlLe-fed cows had fat content fat-to-protein ratio, more favorable fatty acid composition terms monounsaturated polyunsaturated acids conjugated linoleic contents, reduced atherogenic index, saturated-to-unsaturated ratio. Likely due lower level by-product ingestion, only differences observed fed OlPr control. We conclude use diets may represent promising strategy improving quality, promoting circular agricultural system, reducing reliance external inputs, mitigating environmental impact both production.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
Tolerance Mechanisms of Olive Tree (<em>Olea europaea</em>) Under Saline Conditions DOI Open Access
Mohamed El Yamani, María del Pilar Cordovilla

Опубликована: Май 30, 2024

The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is an evergreen that occupies 19% of the woody crop area and cultivated in 67 countries on five continents. largest production concentrated Mediterranean basin, where has had enormous economic, cultural environmental impact since 7th century BC. In region, salinity stands out as one main abiotic stress factors significantly affecting agricultural production. Moreover, climate change expected to lead increased salinisation this threatening productivity. Salt causes combined damage by osmotic ionic toxicity, restricting growth interfering with multiple metabolic processes. A large variability tolerance among cultivars been described. This paper aims synthesize information from published literature adaptations salt its importance tolerance. morphological, physiological, biochemical, molecular mechanisms are reviewed.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

5
Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in Four Self-Rooted Almond Genotypes for Super-High-Density Orchards Under Varying Salinity Levels DOI Creative Commons

Xavier Rius-García,

María Videgain, J. Casanova

и другие.

Agriculture, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(3), С. 254 - 254

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025

Increasing soil salinity threatens almond production globally, driving the need for development of salt-tolerant cultivars. This study investigated salt tolerance mechanisms four self-rooted genotypes (Vialfas, Guara, Penta, and Avijor) under controlled conditions. Young plants were exposed to levels (0, 25, 50, 75 mM NaCl) 5 months. Growth parameters (trunk diameter, shoot length, fresh dry weights), physiological responses (chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange, Soil–Plant Analysis Development (SPAD)), mineral content analyzed. Results show significant genotype-specific at critical threshold 50 NaCl. Under these conditions, Guara Vialfas maintained higher stem weights (31.4 g 37 g, respectively), while Avijor showed declines. Trunk diameter measurements revealed Vialfas’ superior performance (7 mm) compared Penta (both around 6 mm), exhibited most reduction (5 mm). Chlorophyll fluorescence indicated stress impact, with Fv/Fm values decreasing 0.84 control 0.87. K+/Na+ ratios in leaves (3.05) (1.95), better Na+ exclusion ability lowest leaf (0.57%). Cl− accumulation patterns also differed among genotypes, showing concentrations (0.74% 0.73%, respectively) (0.44%). Genotype across all distinct patterns: growth functions treatments, remarkable stability high salinity. vigor low but declined sharply demonstrated highest sensitivity. These findings highlight genetic variability cultivars identify potential sources traits breeding programs. The provides insights optimizing genotype selection management strategies salt-affected orchards, contributing more sustainable challenging environments.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Multi-Omic Advances in Olive Tree (Olea europaea subsp. europaea L.) Under Salinity: Stepping Towards ‘Smart Oliviculture’ DOI Creative Commons
M. Gonzalo Claros, Amanda Bullones, Antonio Castro

и другие.

Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(3), С. 287 - 287

Опубликована: Март 11, 2025

Soil salinisation is threatening crop sustainability worldwide, mainly due to anthropogenic climate change. Molecular mechanisms developed counteract salinity have been intensely studied in model plants. Nevertheless, the economically relevant olive tree (Olea europaea subsp. L.), being highly exposed soil salinisation, deserves a specific review extract recent genomic advances that support known morphological and biochemical make it relative salt-tolerant crop. A comprehensive list of 98 cultivars classified by salt tolerance provided, together with available genomes genes be involved response. Na+ Cl– exclusion leaves retention roots seem most prominent adaptations, but cell wall thickening antioxidant changes are also required for tolerant Several post-translational modifications proteins emerging as key factors, microbiota amendments, making treatments biostimulants chemical compounds promising approach enable cultivation already salinised soils. Low high-throughput transcriptomics metagenomics results obtained from salt-sensitive -tolerant cultivars, future advantages engineering metacaspases programmed death autophagy pathways rapidly raise or rootstocks discussed. The overview bioinformatic tools focused on tree, combined machine learning approaches studying plant stress multi-omics perspective, indicates development adapted progressing. This could pave way ‘smart oliviculture’, promoting more productive sustainable practices under stress.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Enhancing Abiotic Stress Resilience in Mediterranean Woody Perennial Fruit Crops: Genetic, Epigenetic, and Microbial Molecular Perspectives in the Face of Climate Change DOI Open Access
Aliki Kapazoglou, Eleni Tani, Vasileios Papasotiropoulos

и другие.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(7), С. 3160 - 3160

Опубликована: Март 29, 2025

Enhanced abiotic stresses such as increased drought, elevated temperatures, salinity, and extreme weather phenomena severely affect major crops in the Mediterranean area, a ‘hot spot’ of climate change. Plants have evolved mechanisms to face stressful conditions adapt environmental pressures. Intricate molecular processes involving genetic epigenetic factors plant–microbe interactions been implicated response tolerance stress. Deciphering whereby plants perceive respond stress is crucial for developing strategies counteract challenges. Progress determining genes, complex gene networks, biochemical pathways, well plant–microbiota crosstalk, involved has achieved through application tools diverse resources. This knowledge could be particularly useful accelerating plant improvement generating resilient varieties, especially concerning woody perennial crops, where classical breeding lengthy labor-intensive process. Similarly, understanding provide insights into innovative approaches facing conditions. In this review, we comprehensive overview discuss recent findings genetic, epigenetic, microbial aspects shaping responses, context enhancing resilience important fruit crops.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Plant Secondary Metabolites—Central Regulators Against Abiotic and Biotic Stresses DOI Creative Commons
Ameer Khan,

Farah Kanwal,

Sana Ullah

и другие.

Metabolites, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(4), С. 276 - 276

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2025

As global climates shift, plants are increasingly exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses that adversely affect their growth development, ultimately reducing agricultural productivity. To counter these stresses, produce secondary metabolites (SMs), which critical biochemical essential compounds serve as primary defense mechanisms. These diverse compounds, such alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic nitrogen/sulfur-containing act natural protectants against herbivores, pathogens, oxidative stress. Despite the well-documented protective roles of SMs, precise mechanisms by environmental factors modulate accumulation under different stress conditions not fully understood. This review provides comprehensive insights into recent advances in understanding functions SMs plant emphasizing regulatory networks biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, we explored unique contributions individual SM classes responses while integrating findings across entire spectrum diversity, providing a resilience multiple conditions. Finally, highlight emerging strategies for harnessing improve crop through genetic engineering present novel solutions enhance sustainability changing climate.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0