Routine malaria vaccination in Africa: a step toward malaria eradication?
Malaria Journal,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
24(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2025
Malaria
remains
a
significant
global
health
challenge,
with
nearly
half
of
the
world's
population
at
risk
infection.
In
2022
alone,
malaria
claimed
approximately
608,000
lives,
76%
these
fatalities
occurring
in
children
under
age
five,
underscoring
disease's
disproportionate
impact
on
vulnerable
populations.
Africa
bears
highest
burden,
accounting
for
94%
cases.
For
over
60
years,
development
vaccine
has
been
critical
objective
scientists
and
governments,
substantial
efforts
directed
toward
this
goal.
Recent
progress
led
to
approval
first
vaccines,
RTS,S/AS01
(Mosquirix®)
R21/Matrix-M
vaccine.
Inspired
by
promise
community
renewed
its
focus
eradication,
50
years
after
flawed
earlier
eradication
mid-twentieth
century.
Since
World
Health
Organization's
endorsement
RTS,S
2021
R21
2023,
several
African
countries,
beginning
Cameroon,
have
integrated
vaccines
into
routine
immunization
programmes.
This
review
examines
role
vaccination
as
key
strategy
elimination,
explores
challenges
solutions
widespread
implementation,
discusses
future
directions
ongoing
fight
eliminate
continent.
Язык: Английский
Role of risk perceptions and vaccine hesitancy on decision-making among low-income mothers in Kenya: a qualitative study
BMJ Public Health,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
3(1), С. e001601 - e001601
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
Introduction
Vaccine
hesitancy
among
mothers
in
low-income
communities
Kenya
presents
a
serious
obstacle
to
achieving
successful
childhood
immunisation.
The
aim
of
this
study
was
explore
the
determinants
vaccine
from
rural
communities,
risk
perceptions
associated
with
vaccines
and
how
these
factors
influence
decision-making
regarding
their
children’s
Methods
A
qualitative
descriptive
conducted
three
counties
(Murang’a,
Kiambu
Machakos)
using
in-depth
interviews
focus
group
discussions
children
under
5
years.
Participants
were
purposively
sampled
attending
postnatal
clinics
at
various
health
facilities.
Thematic
analysis
used
identify
key
themes
subthemes,
coding
transcripts,
identification
patterns
organisation
into
categories.
Results
Several
critical
that
contribute
immunisation
identified
through
thematic
analysis.
Safety
concerns
emerged
as
primary
issue,
expressing
fears
adverse
reactions
such
fever,
pain,
swelling
or
other
unexpected
complications.
Misinformation
significantly
influenced
perceptions,
including
beliefs
might
cause
infertility
long-term
problems.
Distrust
system
further
exacerbated
hesitancy,
questioning
quality,
administration
motives
vaccinators.
Limited
knowledge
also
played
role,
which
led
misconceptions
about
severity
risks
vaccine-preventable
diseases.
Moreover,
sociocultural
religious
decision-making,
some
viewing
unsafe
ineffective,
driven
by
cultural
norms,
reliance
on
traditional
remedies
objections.
Conclusions
This
provides
valuable
insights
complexities
Kenya.
Furthermore,
results
emphasise
complex
nature
an
interplay
safety
concerns,
misinformation,
distrust,
limited
knowledge,
influences.
Addressing
requires
interventions
would
prioritise
clear
accurate
communication
safety,
engagement
community
leaders,
strengthening
trust
healthcare
providers
systems.
Additionally,
enhancing
targeted
education
programmes
be
crucial
for
empowering
make
informed
decisions
health.
Язык: Английский
Global strategies for addressing diphtheria resurgence epidemiology clinical impact and prevention
Deleted Journal,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
21(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2024
Diphtheria,
caused
by
Corynebacterium
diphtheriae,
is
still
a
major
global
health
concern.
This
study
aims
to
investigate
the
resurgence
of
diphtheria.
We
conducted
narrative
review
on
Scopus,
PubMed,
and
Google
Scholar
with
no
limitation
publication
date
for
pertinent
articles
published
in
English
that
were
succinctly
discussed
under
several
headings.
Diphtheria
epidemiology
has
changed
considerably
since
1970s,
but
outbreaks
occur
due
gaps
vaccination,
infrastructure
failures,
civil
unrest,
particularly
countries
like
Venezuela,
Yemen,
Bangladesh.
The
COVID-19
pandemic
exacerbated
these
challenges,
low-resource
regions
Nigeria.
According
recent
estimates,
diphtheria
epidemics
are
rise,
especially
areas
poor
sanitation
immunization
rates.
Antimicrobial
resistance,
pathogenicity
disease-producing
bacteria,
behavioral
variables
some
factors
triggering
this
return.
Transmission
occurs
via
droplet
spread
respiratory/oropharyngeal
through
direct
person-to-person
contact
cutaneous
form
pathogenesis
involving
toxin
production
leading
local
systemic
effects.
However,
underreporting
low
coverage
persist,
Africa
Southeast
Asia,
higher
fatality
brings
light
more
significant
public
consequences,
such
as
pressure
healthcare
systems
socioeconomic
Maintaining
robust
strategies
strengthening
crucial
control,
addition
comprehensive
approach
combat
resurgence,
including
assessing
vaccine
rates,
identifying
barriers
improving
uptake,
at-risk
populations.
Laboratory
diagnosis
confirming
cases,
preventive
measures
include
programs,
early
antibiotic
administration,
outbreak
control
strategies.
Management
involves
prompt
administration
antitoxin
therapy,
patient
isolation,
supportive
care.
Comprehensive
standards
highlight
value
bolster
system,
implement
encourage
uptake
required
address
issues.
To
maintain
sustainable
safeguard
worldwide,
long-term
policies
should
boosting
funding
disease
surveillance,
building
collaborations.
Long-term
collaborations
expedient.
Язык: Английский
The Addis Declaration on Immunization: Assessing the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Immunization Service Delivery Systems in Africa as of the End of 2023
Vaccines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(1), С. 13 - 13
Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2024
Background/Objectives:
The
Addis
Declaration
on
Immunization
(ADI)
is
a
historic
pledge
aiming
at
increasing
political
will
to
achieve
universal
access
immunization
services
and
includes
ten
commitments
shape
the
future
of
in
Africa.
Methods:
To
analyze
African
countries'
performance
achieving
fourth
ADI
commitment,
cross-sectional
retrospective
study
was
conducted
including
54
Member
States
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
out
55
Union
(AU)
States.
commitment
aims
effectiveness
efficiency
delivery
systems
has
four
indicators.
Results:
median
percentage
districts
with
less
than
10%
dropout
rate
between
first
dose
diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-containing
vaccine
(DTP1)
third
(DTP3)
86.5%,
ranging
from
22%
100%.
Thirty-four
countries
(63%)
recorded
80%
or
above
DTP1
DTP3.
Eleven
(20.3%)
(18.5%)
sustained
90%
coverage
for
DTP3
measles-containing
(MCV1),
respectively,
past
three
years
(2021-2023).
Four
(7.4%)
had
44.5
skilled
health
workers
per
10,000
people.
Out
WHO
States,
7
achieved
least
indicators
(13%).
Conclusions:
It
critical,
as
follow
up
this
study,
document
best
practices
seven
that
commitment.
Additionally,
deeper
analysis
factors
associated
required.
Язык: Английский
Achieving malaria-free: Egypt's journey to WHO certification and global implications for disease control
Tropical Medicine and Health,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
52(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2024
Abstract
Egypt's
recent
malaria-free
certification
by
the
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
marks
a
significant
achievement
in
public
health,
underscoring
effectiveness
of
sustained
national
efforts
disease
eradication.
This
milestone,
achieved
after
nearly
century
strategic
intervention,
highlights
importance
integrated
health
programmes
and
cross-sector
collaboration.
journey
involved
early
initiatives
to
reduce
human–mosquito
contact,
establishment
malaria
control
stations,
comprehensive
outbreak
management
strategies.
country's
success
serves
as
an
exemplar
for
other
African
nations,
emphasizing
need
adaptable,
community-focused
approaches
control.
Despite
challenges
such
drug-resistant
strains
pesticide-resistant
mosquitoes,
experience
demonstrates
potential
successful
elimination
through
coordinated
innovative
solutions.
accomplishment
contributes
regional
improvements,
provides
valuable
insights
into
global
eradication
Язык: Английский