Inflammopharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 31(1), С. 275 - 285
Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2022
Язык: Английский
Clinical Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 266, С. 110323 - 110323
Опубликована: Июль 17, 2024
The African continent reported the least number of COVID-19 cases and deaths all continents, although exact reasons for this are still unclear. In addition, little is known about immunological profiles associated with mortality in Africa. present study compared clinical parameters, as well treatment outcomes patients admitted Pretoria, South Africa, to determine if these parameters correlated population. in-hospital rate cohort was 15.79%. people living HIV (PLWH) 10.81% 17.16% without (p = 0.395). No differences age 0.099), gender 0.127) or comorbidities were found between deceased those who survived. All four PLWH died had a CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/mm3, significantly higher viral load than survived 0.009), none receiving antiretroviral therapy. Seven 174 (4%) evidence auto-antibodies neutralizing Type 1 interferons (IFNs). Two them died, their presence 0.042). adjusted model, only were: fraction inspired oxygen (FiO2) (OR: 3.308, p 0.011) indicating greater need oxygen, high creatinine 4.424, 0.001) lower platelet counts 0.203, possibly secondary immunothrombosis. Overall, expression co-receptor CD86 0.021) on monocytes percentages CD8+ effector memory 2 T-cells 0.45, 0.027) patients. Decreased impairs development survival T-cells. Deceased concentrations RANTES 0.003), eotaxin 0.003) interleukin (IL)-8 < 0.001), involved activation recruitment innate immune cells. They also transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 0.40), an impaired anti-inflammatory response. profile Africa points role aberrate responses.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Immunological Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2024
ABSTRACT The COVID‐19 pandemic caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus was arguably one of worst public health disasters last 100 years. As many infectious disease experts were focused on influenza, MERS, ZIKA, or Ebola as potential pandemic‐causing agents, appeared to come from nowhere and spread rapidly. with any zoonotic agent, initial pathogen able transmit a new host (humans), but it poorly adapted immune environment resulted in maladapted response. host‐pathogen interaction evolved, subsequent variants became less pathogenic acquired immunity provided protection, at least partial variants. has changed since beginning pandemic, is possible clinical results discussed here may not be applicable today they start pandemic. With this caveat mind, we present an overview response severe research perspective examine trials utilizing immunomodulating agents further elucidate importance hyperinflammation factor contributing disease.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2022
Abstract Background: Bacterial infections are a common complication in patients with seasonal viral respiratory tract and associated poor prognosis, increased risk of ICU admission 29-55% mortality. Yet, there is limited data on the burden bacterial among COVID-19 Africa, where underdeveloped healthcare systems likely to play pertinent role epidemiology pandemic. Here, we evaluated etiologies, Antimicrobial Resistance profiles, factors, outcomes severely ill admitted tertiary national teaching referral hospital Kenya. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design at Kenyatta National Hospital between October December 2021 was adopted. structured questionnaire case report forms were used collect patients’ sociodemographic, clinical presentation respectively. Blood, nasal/oropharyngeal swabs tracheal aspirate samples collected based decision treating physician transported microbiology laboratory for immediate processing following standard bacteriological procedures. Results: At least one infection found 44.2% (53/120) sampled. mortality rate 31.7% (38/120) found. The majority pathogens from upper (62.7%, 42/67), gram-negative bacteria as most dominant isolates (73.1%, 49/67). Male about three times more acquire than females (aOR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.2 – 5.65 , p 0.015). Those aged 25 40 years 0.13, 0.02 0.6, =0.009), vaccinated 0.2, 95%CI: 0.05 0.83, 0.027) Infectious Disease Unit (IDU) ward 3.27, 1.08 6.89, p=0.031), those short length stay (0 -5 days) (aOR=14.28, CI:3.25 - 62.76, p<0.001) have positive outcome. (64.3%, 46/67) multidrug-resistant (MDR), mostly attributable gram negative (GNB) (69.6%, 32/46). predominant MDR phenotypes Enterococcus cloacae (42.9%, 3/7), Klebsiella pneumonia (25%, 4/16), Escherichia coli (40%, 2/5) involved cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, aztreonam trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: Our findings highlight high prevalence hospitalized during peak pandemic, males be infected, while advanced age, not vaccinated, critical care unit, prolonged showing hospitalization observed unacceptably high, emphasizing need monitor effectiveness existing control strategies KNH-IDU adherence antimicrobial stewardship line local global AMR action plans.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
5
Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(11), С. 2149 - 2149
Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2024
Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a higher mortality and morbidity in people living with HIV (PLWH) Africa remains inconclusive. In this study, we explored the differences T-cell phenotypes between without on day of admission (V1) ±7 days later (V2), as well their cytokine/chemokine profiles V1. Patients admitted COVID-19 were recruited May 2020 December 2021 from Steve Biko Academic Tshwane District Hospitals Pretoria, South Africa. Of 174 patients, 37 (21%) PLWH. determined by flow cytometry, cytokine levels using multiplex suspension bead array. PLWH significantly younger than those HIV, more likely be female. an adjusted analysis, had percentages CD4+ central memory (CM) programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)+, CD8+ effector (EM)2, EM4 CD57+ cells, concentrations interleukin (IL)-35 at admission. counts >200 cells/mm
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
IDCases, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32, С. e01727 - e01727
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
Although various therapeutic agents have been tried for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and evidence has accumulated, the risk of secondary infection is increased by underlying disease immunosuppressive drugs. We report a case pneumococcal meningitis in patient with severe COVID-19 who was receiving dexamethasone tocilizumab. The patient's symptoms improved appropriate diagnosis antimicrobial therapy, she fortunately returned to society without any neurological sequelae meningitis.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(1), С. 28 - 39
Опубликована: Март 28, 2023
The first human cases of new coronavirus (COVID-19), for the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), were in Wuhan, December 2019. By June 2022 there had been more than 500 million with confirmed and over 5 lives lost to disease. During earlier SARS-CoV-1 MERSCoV epidemics, patients often developed bacterial coinfections a higher mortality rate. aim this work is summarize results study frequency nature infection COVID-19. Various studies was USA countries Asia Europe show conflicting regarding prevalence secondary infections COVID-19, from 1% 50%. Bacterial co-infection relatively infrequent hospitalized Risk factors COVID-19 are 60 years old, prolonged hospital length stay, reanimation unit admission (severe COVID-19), chronic anamnesis, immunosuppression therapy. most common microorganisms identified lower tract, who stay less 48 hours Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae . In patients, main pathogens P. aeruginosa , Klebsiella spp., S. aureus data obtained indicate low Early quite rare, develop after patient's hospital. causative agents early late different. Most often, an tract noted, — urinary system other localization.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Inflammopharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 31(1), С. 275 - 285
Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2022
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2