Exosomes and cancer - Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic vehicle

Oncogenesis, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2022

Abstract Exosomes belong to a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles secreted by the dynamic multistep endocytosis process and carry diverse functional molecular cargoes, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids (DNA, messenger noncoding RNA), metabolites promote intercellular communication. Proteins RNA are among most abundant contents in exosomes; they have biological functions selectively packaged into exosomes. derived from tumor, stromal immune cells contribute multiple stages cancer progression as well resistance therapy. In this review, we will discuss biogenesis exosomes their roles development. Since specific within originate origin, property allows function valuable biomarkers. We also potential use diagnostic prognostic biomarkers or predictors for different therapeutic strategies cancers. Furthermore, applications direct targets engineered vehicles drugs an important field exosome study. Better understanding biology may pave way promising exosome-based clinical applications.

Язык: Английский

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Cancer treatment therapies: traditional to modern approaches to combat cancers

Molecular Biology Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 50(11), С. 9663 - 9676

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Therapeutic Features and Updated Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-Derived Exosomes

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(4), С. 711 - 711

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2021

Identification of the immunomodulatory and regenerative properties mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have made them an attractive alternative therapeutic option for diseases with no effective treatment options. Numerous clinical trials followed; however, issues such as infusional toxicity cellular rejection been reported. To address these problems associated cell-based therapy, MSC exosome therapy was developed has shown promising outcomes. exosomes are nanosized vesicles secreted from MSCs represent a non-cellular agent. retain features which they originated including genetic material, lipids, proteins. Similar to MSCs, can induce cell differentiation, immunoregulation, angiogenesis, tumor suppression. therefore employed in several experimental models studies. Here, we review potential MSC-derived summarize currently ongoing according disease type. In addition, propose functional enhancement strategies application therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived exosomes in regenerative medicine and cancer; overview of development, challenges, and opportunities

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Май 21, 2021

Abstract Recently, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their widespread biomedical applications have attracted great consideration from the scientific community around world. However, reports shown that main populations of transplanted MSCs are trapped in liver, spleen, lung upon administration, highlighting importance development cell-free therapies. Concerning rising evidence suggesting beneficial effects MSC therapy closely linked to MSC-released components, predominantly MSC-derived exosomes, an MSC-based approach is paramount importance. The exosomes nano-sized (30–100 nm) lipid bilayer membrane vesicles, which typically released by found different body fluids. They include various bioactive molecules, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNAs, proteins, lipids, thus showing pronounced therapeutic competence for tissues recovery through maintenance endogenous stem cells, enhancement regenerative phenotypic traits, inhibition apoptosis concomitant with immune modulation, stimulation angiogenesis. Conversely, specific roles treatment tumors remain challenging. clinical application novel strategies can be supported better understanding mechanisms, classifying subpopulation enhancing conditions cell culture isolation, increasing production along engineering deliver drugs molecules target sites. In current review, we a brief overview exosome biogenesis, composition, isolation methods discuss recent investigation regarding potential medicine accompanied double-edged sword role cancer.

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes and extracellular vesicles: Rethinking the essential values in cancer biology

Seminars in Cancer Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 74, С. 79 - 91

Опубликована: Март 31, 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes are released by all living cells and contain diverse bioactive molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, metabolites. Accumulating evidence of EV-related functions has revealed that these tiny can mediate specific cell-to-cell communication. Within the tumor microenvironment, actively interacting with their surroundings via EVs facilitating malignancy regulating malignant cascades angiogenesis, immune modulation, metastasis. This review summarizes recent studies fundamental understandings from aspect EV heterogeneity highlights role in various steps oncogenic to metastatic processes. The recognition subtypes is necessary identify which pathways be affected targeted therapeutic approaches or liquid biopsies.

Язык: Английский

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Natural and synthetic nanovectors for cancer therapy

Nanotheranostics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(3), С. 236 - 257

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Nanomaterials have been extensively studied in cancer therapy as vectors that may improve drug delivery.Such not only bring numerous advantages such stability, biocompatibility, and cellular uptake but also shown to overcome some cancer-related resistances.Nanocarrier can deliver the more precisely specific organ while improving its pharmacokinetics, thereby avoiding secondary adverse effects on target tissue.Between these nanovectors, diverse material types be discerned, liposomes, dendrimers, carbon nanostructures, nanoparticles, nanowires, etc., each of which offers different opportunities for therapy.In this review, a broad spectrum nanovectors is analyzed application multimodal diagnostics terms mode action pharmacokinetics.Advantages inconveniences promising including gold SPIONs, semiconducting quantum dots, various phospholipid-based polymeric micelles, extracellular exome vesicles are summarized.The article concluded with future outlook field.

Язык: Английский

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Clinical Advances of siRNA-Based Nanotherapeutics for Cancer Treatment

Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(7), С. 1009 - 1009

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2021

Cancer is associated with single or multiple gene defects. Recently, much research has focused on incorporating genetic materials as one of the means to treat various types carcinomas. RNA interference (RNAi) conveys an alternative approach for cancer patients, especially when conventional medications fail. RNAi involves inhibition expression specific messenger that signals uncontrollable cell growth and proliferation, most notably carcinoma cells. This molecular technology promising allow us overcome issues chemotherapeutic agents including organ damage severe drug toxicities. Nonetheless, vast challenges impede successful therapy application, low tumor localization, stability rapid clearance from blood circulation. Owing limited treatment opportunities management cancer, development effective siRNA carrier systems involving nanotherapeutics been extensively explored. Over past years, several have undergone a period clinical investigation, some demonstrating antitumor activities safety profiles. Extensive observation siRNA-nanoparticles necessary ensure commercial success. Therefore, this review mainly focuses progress siRNAs-loaded nanoparticles trials treatment. The status discussed, allowing comprehensive understanding their gene-mediated therapeutics.

Язык: Английский

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Small extracellular vesicles in cancer

Bioactive Materials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 6(11), С. 3705 - 3743

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are lipid-bilayer enclosed in submicron size that released from cells. A variety of molecules, including proteins, DNA fragments, RNAs, lipids, and metabolites can be selectively encapsulated into EVs delivered to nearby distant recipient In tumors, through such intercellular communication, regulate initiation, growth, metastasis invasion tumors. Recent studies have found exhibit specific expression patterns which mimic the parental cell, providing a fingerprint for early cancer diagnosis prognosis as well monitoring responses treatment. Accordingly, various EV isolation detection technologies been developed research diagnostic purposes. Moreover, natural engineered also used drug delivery nanocarriers, vaccines, cell surface modulators, therapeutic agents targets. Overall, under intense investigation they hold promise pathophysiological translational discoveries. This comprehensive review examines latest trends over last five years, encompassing their roles pathophysiology, diagnostics therapeutics. aims examine full spectrum tumor-EV provide foundation enhance field. The topics discussed scrutinized this encompass techniques how these issues need overcome EV-based diagnostics, biology, biomarkers monitoring, targets, systems. We will challenges involved promote framework catalyzing scientific discovery innovation tumor-EV-focused research.

Язык: Английский

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Exosome-mediated miR-144-3p promotes ferroptosis to inhibit osteosarcoma proliferation, migration, and invasion through regulating ZEB1

Molecular Cancer, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2023

Abstract Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent orthopedic malignancy with a dismal prognosis. The high iron absorption rate in OS cells of patients suggests that ferroptosis may be related to progression OS, but its potential molecular regulatory role still unclear. Based on ability couple exosomes for targeted delivery signals, exosome-derived micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) can potentially serve as diagnostic biomarkers OS. Methods We identified ferroptosis-related miRNAs and messenger acids(mRNAs) using bioinformatics analysis performed survival analysis. Then we measured miRNA expression levels through exosome microarray sequencing, used RT-qPCR IHC verify level miR-144-3p ZEB1. Stable gene cell lines were fabricated vitro experiments. Cell viability, migration invasion determined by CCK-8 transwell experiment. Use corresponding reagent kit detect GSH/GSSG ratio, Fe 2+ level, MDA ROS measure GPX4, ACSL4 xCT WB. also constructed nude mice model vivo Finally, stability miRNA/mRNA axis was verified functional rescue Results Low ZEB1 tissues observed. Overexpression promote ferroptosis, reduce cells, prevent In addition, overexpression downregulate mice. Knockdown has opposite effect. experiment validated regulate downstream ZEB1, participates occurrence development interfering redox homeostasis metabolism. Conclusions MiR-144-3p induce negatively regulating thereby inhibiting proliferation, migration, cells. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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The potential use of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes as microRNAs delivery systems in different diseases

Cell Communication and Signaling, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2023

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA. Moreover, it has been shown miRNAs changed in various diseases, such as cancers, autoimmune disease, infectious and neurodegenerative Diseases. The suppression miRNA function can be easily attained utilizing anti-miRNAs. In contrast, an enhancement achieved through the utilization modified mimetics. discovery appropriate carriers body become interesting subject for investigators. Exosomes (EXOs) therapeutic efficiency safety transferring different cellular biological components to recipient cell have attracted significant attention their capability carriers. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) recognized generate wide range EXOs (MSC-EXOs), showing MSCs may effective EXO generation clinically measure compared other origins. MSC-EXOs widely investigated because immune attributes, tumor-homing flexible characteristics. this article, we summarized features MSC-EXOs, including production, purification, loading methods modification targeted delivery diseases. Graphical abstract

Язык: Английский

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