Assessing acute effects of methylphenidate and modafinil on inhibitory capacity, time estimation, attentional lapses, and compulsive-like behavior in rats
Behavioural Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025
Medications
known
as
‘cognitive
enhancers’
are
increasingly
being
consumed
off-label
by
healthy
people,
raising
concerns
about
their
safety.
The
aim
of
our
study
was
to
profile
behavioral
performance
upon
oral
administration
methylphenidate
(2.5
mg/kg)
and
modafinil
(64
–
two
popular
cognitive
enhancers
discontinuation.
We
modeled
cognitively
demanding
challenges
in
neurotypical
individuals
using
a
task
where
Wistar
Lewis
rats
had
withhold
responses
for
specified
time
obtain
food
rewards.
This
allowed
us
extract
several
measures
associated
with
clinically
meaningful
indices,
such
compulsive-like
responding,
incapacity
wait
(impulsivity),
estimation
(precision
accuracy),
attentional
lapses.
Our
design
involved
examining
these
indices
subjects
administered
either
methylphenidate,
modafinil,
or
vehicle.
found
that
obtained
fewer
rewards
were
less
efficient
reward
pursuing
than
the
vehicle
group;
this
result
likely
due
drug-induced
inability
wait.
Upon
discontinuation,
earned
more
but
did
not
entirely
catch
up
group.
As
neither
favorable
nor
unfavorable
effects
main
analyses.
However,
an
exploratory
analysis
changes
within
sessions
suggested
fostered
favorable,
yet
short-lived,
effects.
discuss
results
terms
risks
cost-benefits
doses
above
below
effective
dose
enhancement
drugs.
Язык: Английский
Serotonin dysfunction in ADHD
Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2025
Abstract
It
is
well
accepted
that
attention
deficit
hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD)
in
part
driven
by
dysfunction
the
monoaminergic
neurotransmitter
system,
but
both
extent
of
and
possible
therapeutic
avenues
presented
serotonergic
neurotransmission
frequently
overlooked.
As
such,
we
present
key
evidence
for
transmission,
as
seen
from
biochemical,
genetic
pharmacological
perspectives.
An
overall
serotonin
availability
a
common
theme
throughout
literature,
thus
this
review
aims
to
explore
dysfunctions
synthesis
pathway
which
result
reduced
bioavailability,
investigate
whether
such
could
be
loci
change
ADHD.
We
have
identified
several
steps
namely
conversion
tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptophan
its
use
cofactor
tetrahydrobiopterin,
promising
development
novel
clinical
interventions
Язык: Английский
Viloxazine extended-release capsules as an emerging treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
24(5), С. 443 - 455
Опубликована: Март 19, 2024
Introduction
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD)
is
a
neurodevelopmental
characterized
by
inattention
and/or
hyperactivity
and
impulsivity.
Viloxazine
extended-release
(ER)
capsules
(Qelbree®)
US
Food
Drug
Administration–approved
nonstimulant
treatment
option
for
children,
adolescents,
adults
with
ADHD.
Язык: Английский
An Open-Label Extension Study Assessing the Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Viloxazine Extended-Release Capsules in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
CNS Drugs,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
38(11), С. 891 - 907
Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2024
Viloxazine
ER
(extended-release
capsules;
Qelbree®)
is
a
nonstimulant
medication
that
has
been
approved
by
the
United
States
Food
and
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
for
treatment
of
attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD)
in
children
(>
6
years
old)
adults.
This
phase
3
open-label
extension
to
pivotal
3,
double-blind
trial
evaluated
long-term
safety
continued
efficacy
viloxazine
adults
with
ADHD.
was
multicenter,
flexible-dose,
III,
double-blind,
placebo-controlled
(NCT04016779).
initiated
at
200
mg/day
adjusted
(between
600
mg/day)
achieve
optimal
tolerability.
Trial
enrollment
halted
temporarily
(24
March
2020
23
July
2020)
due
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic.
Participants
completing
during
time
were
offered
delayed
upon
requalification.
Safety
outcomes
primary
objectives.
Secondary
objectives
outcomes,
including
ADHD
Investigator
Symptom
Rating
Scale
(AISRS),
assessed
relative
baseline
(or
re-entry
those
whose
COVID-19
pandemic).
Overall,
159
participants
(133
immediate
26
rollover)
received
ER,
mean
exposure
265
±
254.9
days.
Adverse
events
(AEs)
included
10%
incidence)
insomnia
(13.8%),
nausea
headache
(10.7%),
fatigue
(10.1%).
AEs
led
discontinuation
17.6%
[most
commonly
(2.5%),
(1.9%)].
AISRS
total
score
[baseline
standard
deviation
(SD):
37.9
6.3]
improved
first
follow-up
visit
(−11.4
9.5;
week
2)
improvement
subsequent
visits
(last
on-study
visit:
−18.2
11.54).
Similar
patterns
seen
other
measures
efficacy,
quality
life
executive
function.
Following
initial
dose
optimization,
most
(73%)
used
doses
≥
400
mg/day,
36%
using
mg/day.
Long-term
use
well
tolerated,
no
new
findings.
Improvements
symptoms
associated
sustained
throughout
participation.
In
total,
73%
percent
adult
this
study
mg
or
more
maintenance
treatment.
Clinicaltrials.gov
Identifier:
NCT04143217.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity
common
characterized
inattention,
impulsivity,
hyperactivity
can
substantially
interfere
everyday
life.
On
basis
positive
results
from
clinical
studies
children,
adolescents,
adults,
(viloxazine
extended-release
capsules)
US
approval
as
marketed
under
brand
name
Qelbree®
(Supernus
Pharmaceuticals,
Inc).
Adults
who
participated
short-term
(6
weeks)
eventually
FDA
invited
enroll
monitor
medication's
efficacy.
also
provided
pathway
continue
receiving
until
its
commercial
availability.
dosages
between
on
symptom
response
side
effects
(most
least
mg/day).
demonstrated
have
good
tolerability
profile.
The
symptoms,
life,
function
(executive
includes
cognitive
skills
such
organizing
following
through
tasks).
further
support
option
Язык: Английский