Background:
Depressive
symptoms
are
associated
with
negative
expectations
and
reduced
belief
updating
by
positive
information.
Cognitive
immunization,
the
devaluation
of
information,
has
been
argued
to
be
central
in
this
relationship
predictive
processing
models
suggest
that
more
information
is
greater
cognitive
immunization.Methods:
In
an
online
experiment,
N=347
healthy
participants
took
part
a
performance
task
standardized
feedback
varying
levels
positivity
(mild,
moderate,
extreme).
Effects
on
immunization
were
investigated.
Further,
depressive
symptoms,
interpretation
bias
participant’s
self-evaluation
examined
as
potential
correlates
updating.Results:
As
expected,
receiving
mildly
reported
amount
than
those
moderately
feedback.
However,
neither
group
differed
from
extremely
Although
did
not
show
hypothesized
association
they
weaker
increase
following
Exploratory
analyses
showed
associations
between
updating.Conclusions:
The
results
engaged
when
was
less
expected.
updating,
but
immunization.
Self-evaluation
may
promising
factor
for
future
research.
Cognition & Emotion,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
37(2), С. 238 - 253
Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2022
Stimuli
such
as
surprised
faces
are
ambiguous
in
that
they
associated
with
both
positive
and
negative
outcomes.
Interestingly,
people
differ
reliably
whether
evaluate
these
other
stimuli
or
negative,
we
have
argued
a
evaluation
relies
part
on
biasing
of
the
appraisal
processes
via
reappraisal.
To
further
test
this
idea,
conducted
two
studies
to
increasing
cognitive
accessibility
reappraisal
through
brief
emotion
regulation
task
would
lead
an
increase
evaluations
ambiguity.
Supporting
prediction,
demonstrated
cuing
reappraisal,
but
not
three
forms
(Study
1a-d;
n
=
120),
increased
faces.
In
sign
robustness,
also
found
effect
generalised
from
scenes
2;
34).
Collectively,
findings
suggest
may
play
key
role
determining
responses
stimuli.
We
discuss
context
affective
flexibility,
valence
bias
(i.e.
tendency
ambiguity
more
positively
negatively)
represents
novel
approach
measuring
implicit
regulation.
Journal of Adolescence,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
95(8), С. 1628 - 1640
Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2023
Abstract
Introduction
Early
adolescence
represents
a
time
of
heightened
vulnerability
for
depression.
Negative
interpretation
biases
have
been
associated
with
increases
in
depressive
symptoms
during
this
developmental
period;
however,
the
mechanisms
underlying
association
between
and
depression
remain
poorly
understood.
Cognitive
theories
posit
that
give
rise
to
by
modulating
daily
affect,
particularly
context
stress.
However,
has
not
yet
directly
examined.
The
present
study
tested
affect
intensity
instability
as
linking
negative
change
adolescent
symptoms.
Methods
Ninety‐four
adolescents
(aged
11–13
years;
51%
boys)
from
Vancouver,
Canada,
were
recruited
longitudinal
study.
At
baseline
(Time
1),
participants
self‐reported
completed
Scrambled
Sentences
Task
assess
biases.
Next,
diaries
positive
(PA)
(NA)
naturalistic
stressor—the
first
2
weeks
high
school
2).
Finally,
3
months
later
3).
Path
models
conducted
test
whether
PA
NA
mediated
prospective
associations
symptom
changes.
Results
Although
intensity,
instability,
predicted
symptoms,
only
Neither
nor
these
associations.
Conclusions
Elevated
specific
mechanism
through
which
stronger
predict
adolescence.
JMIR Formative Research,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
6(3), С. e32537 - e32537
Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2022
Experience
sampling
methods
(ESMs)
are
increasingly
being
used
to
study
ecological
emotion
dynamics
in
daily
functioning
through
repeated
assessments
taken
over
several
days.
However,
most
of
these
ESM
approaches
only
based
on
self-report
assessments,
and
therefore,
studies
the
trajectories
their
underlying
mechanisms
scarce
(ie,
cognitive
biases)
require
evaluation
experimental
tasks.
We
developed
a
novel
tool
that
integrates
measures
regulation
with
previously
validated
app-based
task
allows
for
assessment
during
functioning.The
objective
is
test
this
new
its
usability
possible
factors
related
compliance
it
terms
latency
missing
responses.
Among
predictors,
we
considered
psychological
time-related
variables,
as
well
usability,
measurement
reactivity,
participants'
satisfaction
tool.We
conducted
2
extensive
studies-study
1
(N=84;
total
3
per
day
5
days)
(N=135;
10
days).In
both
studies,
participants
found
highly
usable
(average
score
>81).
By
using
mixed
regression
models,
common
specific
results
predictors.
In
2,
was
significantly
predicted
by
(P<.001
P=.003,
respectively).
Participants
showed
slower
responses
notification
days
progressed.
but
not
1,
further
individual
differences
overload
use
app,
were
accounted
stress
reactivity
notifications
(P=.04).
Thus,
more
design,
who
experienced
higher
characterized
(P=.01),
whereas
those
system
responses.The
had
high
levels
usability.
Furthermore,
enormous
importance
when
implementing
methods,
including
The
main
predictors
across
specifically
protocols
(study
2),
methodology-related
variables.
Future
research
tasks
designs
should
take
into
consideration
performing
accurate
estimations
response
rates
facilitate
optimal
quality
eHealth
approaches,
study.
Interpretation
biases
(IBs)
play
a
central
role
in
cognitive
models
of
anxiety
disorders
and
are
considered
transdiagnostic
feature
operating
across
disorder
categories
lev-els
severity.
Despite
decades
research,
the
magnitude
this
bias
as
well
factors
modulating
its
largely
unknown.
This
article
presents
three-level
meta-analysis
investigating
strength
association
between
IBs
symptoms
anxiety.
Databases
(PsycINFO,
PubMed,
ProQuest
Dissertations)
were
searched
resulting
inclusion
295
samples
with
1450
contrasts.
An
overall
medium
effect
size
(g
=
0.48,
95%
CI
[0.43,
0.52])
was
found.
Equivalent
sizes
found
for
minors
adults
different
(Generalized
Anxiety,
Panic/Agoraphobia/Anxiety
Sen-sitivity,
Specific
Phobia,
Separation
Multiple
Symptom
Clusters)
clinical
sta-tuses
(clinical,
sub-clinical).
Moreover,
larger
studies
using
direct
measures,
verbal
disorder-specific
stimuli.
Interestingly,
stronger
negative
than
positive
To
conclude,
present
results
consistent
view
that
is
associated
operate
severity
levels.
These
findings
have
implications
theories
interventions.
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2024
In
today's
fast-paced
world,
depression
and
anxiety
are
the
most
prevalent
health
problems,
generating
high
economic
social
burdens.
Interpretation
biases
seem
to
play
a
pivotal
role
in
this
emotional
influencing
how
individuals
interpret
emotionally
ambiguous
information.
These
interpretation
can
emerge
due
activation
of
latent
schemas
related
perceive
themselves.
Therefore,
integrating
study
cognitive
self-discrepancy
models
offer
comprehensive
approach
better
understanding
onset
or
maintenance
symptoms,
through
their
relationship
with
biases.
paper,
we
aimed
test
whether
differences
self-perception
might
act
like
schema
that
activate
bias,
information
processing
predicting
symptoms.
Background:
Depressive
symptoms
are
associated
with
negative
expectations
and
reduced
belief
updating
by
positive
information.
Cognitive
immunization,
the
devaluation
of
information,
has
been
argued
to
be
central
in
this
relationship
predictive
processing
models
suggest
that
more
information
is
greater
cognitive
immunization.Methods:
In
an
online
experiment,
N=347
healthy
participants
took
part
a
performance
task
standardized
feedback
varying
levels
positivity
(mild,
moderate,
extreme).
Effects
on
immunization
were
investigated.
Further,
depressive
symptoms,
interpretation
bias
participant’s
self-evaluation
examined
as
potential
correlates
updating.Results:
As
expected,
receiving
mildly
reported
amount
than
those
moderately
feedback.
However,
neither
group
differed
from
extremely
Although
did
not
show
hypothesized
association
they
weaker
increase
following
Exploratory
analyses
showed
associations
between
updating.Conclusions:
The
results
engaged
when
was
less
expected.
updating,
but
immunization.
Self-evaluation
may
promising
factor
for
future
research.