Infections in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and the Influence of Treatment

American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a T helper 2-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects children and adults. Patients with AD are prone to recurrent infections of the other organs, which can severely worsen course. This review summarises current evidence on aetiology, pathogenesis, treatment prevention in patients AD. PubMed was searched for English-language research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses guidelines published until February 2023 using key term "atopic dermatitis" terms relevant infections. have an increased risk bacterial, viral fungal skin, mainly due impaired barrier function, altered immune response frequent scratching. The most common pathogens Staphylococcus aureus herpes simplex virus, cause impetigo, folliculitis, abscesses, eczema herpeticum complications. They also appear increase susceptibility systemic infections, including respiratory urinary tract sepsis. Certain treatments AD, such as mycophenolate mofetil Janus kinase inhibitors, Prevention require multifaceted approach includes topical antimicrobials, care effective control symptoms (to break itch–scratch cycle). Preventing limiting development important considerations choosing treatment.

Язык: Английский

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From pre-clinical efficacy to promising clinical trials that delay Type 1 diabetes

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 208, С. 107342 - 107342

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024

Recent advancements in immunology and islet biology have unveiled remarkable prospects for the postponement of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) through strategic modulation immune system. In this Perspective, we discuss pharmaceutical strides achieved, traversing from pre-clinical validation to execution impactful clinical trials. We begin with initial investigations involving cyclosporine glucocorticoids rodent models, such as non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, which guided early then studies using suitable mouse models that eventually led contemporary trials targeting cell functionality cytokine signaling pathways. Collectively, these discoveries promote exciting paradigm system mitigate autoimmunity, continues broaden. Notably, use baricitinib, a potent JAK1/2 inhibitor, teplizumab, an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, represent discrete methodologies converging upon singular outcome: preservation beta-cell functionality. The latter interventional strategies build on original idea tempering specific facets will generate therapeutic benefit. Enthusiasm stems efficacy reduced side effects when compared past approaches. success intervention(s) studies, combined knowledge about stages progression T1D, ultimately encouraged design more successful highly populations at risk. findings instill profound sense optimism, suggesting prevention even reversal T1D may soon be within reach.

Язык: Английский

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Infectious events in patients with alopecia areata treated with JAK inhibitors: low burden and minimal impact on persistence in treatment

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(11), С. 1483 - 1487

Опубликована: Май 8, 2024

Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring disorder characterized by hair loss that greatly affects patients' quality of life and has chronic, recurring course. This disease marked an inflammatory process, mainly on autoimmune basis primarily regulated Janus kinase (JAK).

Язык: Английский

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Baricitinib for the Treatment of Chronic Pruritus of Unknown Origin

Dermatologic Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2024(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Background: Chronic pruritus of unknown origin (CPUO) is a highly debilitating disease that lacks effective treatment. There have been case reports use Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors in CPUO, including treated with baricitinib, selective JAK 1/2 inhibitor. Objectives : To evaluate if itch cohort CPUO patients was effectively reduced after treatment baricitinib. Patients and Methods: This retrospective series examining all who were baricitinib from February 2022 to August 2023 at the National Skin Center, Singapore. Itch scores on 0–10 numerical rating scale (NRS) 0.5‐point intervals recorded analyzed over time. Results: Sixteen (56% women, mean age 62.2 ± 19.7 years old) included analysis. Their [range] duration chronic 15.4 [1–50] years, follow‐up period 10.2 6.7 months. The median [IQR] NRS score before 8.5 [6.5–10.0] 3.5 [1.25–5.0], respectively, reduction 4.9 2.7 ( p < 0.0001). All except one patient reported significant improvement severity. no symptomatic side effects, for drop hemoglobin thalassemia dry throat another patient. five cases mild elevation creatine kinase levels, three which normalized time, two creatinine levels. Conclusion: study suggests can reduce supports conduct randomized placebo‐controlled trials better elucidate efficacy management CPUO.

Язык: Английский

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Combination Therapy with Baricitinib and Narrowband Ultraviolet B for Active Non-Segmental Vitiligo: A Retrospective Controlled Study

Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер Volume 17, С. 2933 - 2944

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease manifested by depigmented patches of skin devoid melanocytes. Baricitinib, JAK inhibitor selectively targeting JAK1/2, has shown preliminary efficacy for vitiligo. We aimed to assess the and tolerability combination therapy with baricitinib narrowband UV-B (NB-UVB) treat active nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV).

Язык: Английский

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