Sex differences in sleep, circadian rhythms, and metabolism: Implications for precision medicine

Sleep Medicine Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 75, С. 101926 - 101926

Опубликована: Март 21, 2024

The number of individuals experiencing sleep loss has exponentially risen over the past decades. Extrapolation laboratory findings to real world suggests that females are more affected by extended wakefulness and circadian misalignment than males are. Therefore, long-term effects such as metabolism disorders likely be prevalent in males. Despite emerging evidence for sex differences key aspects sleep-wake regulation, much remains unknown, often underrepresented research. This brief communication is intended highlight 1) how systematically impinge on regulation humans, 2) factors modulate metabolism, 3) meaning these precision medicine. Ultimately, justify factoring when optimizing individually targeted interventions humans.

Язык: Английский

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Timing of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity, Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Microvascular Disease in Adults With Obesity

Diabetes Care, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 47(5), С. 890 - 897

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024

To assess the association between timing of aerobic moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and risk cardiovascular disease (CVD), microvascular (MVD), all-cause mortality in adults with obesity a subset type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Язык: Английский

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Physical Activity and Excess Body Weight and Adiposity for Adults. American College of Sports Medicine Consensus Statement

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 56(10), С. 2076 - 2091

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2024

ABSTRACT Excessive body weight and adiposity contribute to many adverse health concerns. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recognizes that the condition excess is complex, with numerous factors warranting consideration. ACSM published a position stand on this topic in 2001 an update 2009, consensus paper role physical activity prevention gain 2019. This current serves as additional those prior papers. supports inclusion medical treatments (pharmacotherapy, metabolic bariatric surgery) adiposity, deemed be medically appropriate, provides perspectives within these therapies. For loss gain, effects may most prevalent when progressed appropriate manner at least 150 min·wk −1 moderate-intensity activity, benefits occur dose–response manner. High-intensity interval training does not appear superior moderate-to-vigorous for regulation, light-intensity also alternative approach provided it sufficient energy expenditure. Evidence support any one single mode other modes or loss, elicit holistic beyond multimodal should recommended. interaction between expenditure intake exercise control appetite are variable individuals. Physical interventions inclusive tailored sex, self-identified gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, developmental level. Intervention approaches can include different forms, channels, methods activity.

Язык: Английский

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Diurnal timing of physical activity in relation to obesity and diabetes in the German National Cohort (NAKO)

International Journal of Obesity, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Impact of lifestyle moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity timing on glycemic control in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic impairments

Obesity, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 32(8), С. 1465 - 1473

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2024

Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) improves glucose levels; however, whether its timing affects daily glycemic control remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of lifestyle MVPA on in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic impairments.

Язык: Английский

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Physical Activity and Type 2 Diabetes: In Search of a Personalized Approach to Improving β-Cell Function

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(19), С. 4202 - 4202

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most widespread diseases worldwide. Lifestyle interventions, including diet and physical activity (PA), are fundamental non-pharmacological components T2DM therapy. Exercise interventions strongly recommended for people with or at risk developing already overt diabetes, but adherence to PA guidelines in this population still challenging. Furthermore, heterogeneity patients, driven by differing residual β-cell functionality, as well possibility practicing different types intensities PA, has led need develop tailored exercise training plans. Investigations on blood glucose variation response could help clarify why individuals do not respond same way guide prescription personalized treatments. The aim review offer an updated overview current evidence effects regimens modalities regarding sensing secretory dynamics prediabetes T2DM, a special focus function.

Язык: Английский

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Metabolic plasticity and obesity-associated changes in diurnal postexercise metabolism in mice

Metabolism, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 155, С. 155834 - 155834

Опубликована: Март 11, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Diurnal timing of physical activity and risk of colorectal cancer in the UK Biobank

BMC Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2024

Abstract Background Physical activity reduces colorectal cancer risk, yet the diurnal timing of physical in etiology remains unclear. Methods This study used 24-h accelerometry time series from UK Biobank participants aged 42 to 79 years derive circadian patterns using functional principal component analysis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were examine associations with risk. Results Among 86,252 (56% women), 529 cases occurred during a median 5.3-year follow-up. We identified four that explained almost 100% data variability day. A pattern continuous day-long was inversely associated risk (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89–0.99). second late-day suggestively related (HR 0.93, CI 0.85–1.02). third early- plus decreased 0.89, 0.80–0.99). fourth mid-day night-time showed no relation 1.02, 0.88–1.19). Our results consistent across various sensitivity analyses, including restriction never smokers, exclusion first 2 follow-up, and adjustment for shift work. Conclusions is reduced beyond benefits overall activity. Further research needed confirm role prevention.

Язык: Английский

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Exercise training modifies skeletal muscle clock gene expression but not 24‐hour rhythmicity in substrate metabolism of men with insulin resistance

The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2023

Twenty-four hour rhythmicity in whole-body substrate metabolism, skeletal muscle clock gene expression and mitochondrial respiration is compromised upon insulin resistance. With exercise training known to ameliorate resistance, our objective was test if can reinforce diurnal variation metabolism men with In a single-arm longitudinal design, 10 overweight obese resistance performed 12 weeks of high-intensity interval recurrently the afternoon (between 14.00 18.00 h) were tested pre- post-exercise training, while staying metabolic research unit for 2 days under free-living conditions regular meals. On second days, indirect calorimetry at 08.00, 13.00, 18.00, 23.00 04.00 h, biopsies taken from vastus lateralis 08.30, 13.30 23.30 blood drawn least bi-hourly over 24 h. Participants did not lose body weight weeks, but improved composition capacity. Exercise resulted reduced 24-h plasma glucose levels, modify free fatty acid triacylglycerol levels. Diurnal modified by period genes showing an interaction (time × exercise) effect mRNA levels 13.00 increased without inducing variation. Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure remained unchanged. Future studies should investigate alternative strategies or types interventions (e.g. diet drugs aiming improving sensitivity) their capacity respiration. KEY POINTS: Insulin associated blunted flexibility respiration, disruptions molecular circadian clock. We hypothesized that modifies found inflexibility h persisted after whereas independent time day. Gene Per1-3 Rorα changed particularly close day which performed. These results provide rationale further differential impact differently timed treat defects manifest particular

Язык: Английский

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Morning exercise and pre‐breakfast metformin interact to reduce glycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover trial

The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 24, 2024

Abstract Exercise is recommended in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and can improve insulin sensitivity. However, previous evidence suggests that exercise at different times day people with may have opposing outcomes on glycaemia. Metformin most commonly prescribed initial pharmacological intervention diabetes, alter adaptions to exercise. It unknown if there an interaction between metformin diurnal outcomes. We aimed investigate glycaemic moderate intensity morning vs . evening being monotherapy. In this study, nine males females undergoing monotherapy (age 61 ± 8.2 years, mean SD) completed a 16‐week crossover trial including 2‐week baseline recording, 6 weeks randomly assigned (07.00–10.00 h) or (16.00–19.00 wash‐out period. arms consisted 30 min walking 70% estimated max heart rate every other day. Glucose levels were measured continuous glucose monitors activity by wrist‐worn monitors. Food‐intake was recorded 4‐day food diaries during baseline, first last each arm. There no difference intensity, total caloric intake physical arms. As primary outcomes, acute (24 area under curve (AUC), lower ( P = 0.02) after (180.6 68.4 mmol/l) compared (210.3 76.7 mmol/l); differences identified for (mmol/l) any specific time point when data analysed two‐way ANOVA. secondary AUC significantly 0.01) participants taking before breakfast (152.5 29.95 (227.2 61.51 only arm; 5–6 protocol, 0.04) (168.8 15.8 mmol/l), rather than (224.5 52.0 Our reveal acutely lowers metformin. This appears be driven individuals consumed prior breakfast. beneficial effect upon combined pre‐breakfast persisted through final trial. findings suggest benefit management glycaemia diabetes. image Key points Morning persistently reduced post‐breakfast week (week 6) intervention. study it possible make simple changes take perform their blood glucose.

Язык: Английский

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