Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025
Abstract
This
landmark
propensity-score
matched
study
examined
ocular
outcomes
of
modern
anti-obesity
medications
in
nearly
5
million
non-diabetic
individuals
with
obesity.
Through
analysis
TriNetX
US
network
data,
we
discovered
that
Tirzepatide
significantly
reduced
cataract
risk
versus
other
treatments,
showing
a
striking
59%
lower
compared
to
Semaglutide
(HR:
0.41,
95%
CI:
0.19–0.85).
users
experienced
markedly
fewer
visual
disturbances
than
those
on
Contrave
0.58,
0.41–0.82)
or
Phentermine
0.62,
0.46–0.82).
Both
GLP-1
receptor
agonists
demonstrated
protection
against
age-related
cataracts,
exceptional
benefits
0.17,
0.07–0.42).
While
these
protective
effects
remained
robust
across
patient
subgroups,
Tirzepatide's
diminished
impaired
kidney
function.
Multiple
sensitivity
analyses
and
negative
controls
validated
compelling
findings.
Abstract
Obesity
is
now
considered
a
chronic
relapsing
progressive
disease,
associated
with
increased
all-cause
mortality
that
scales
bodyweight,
affecting
more
than
1
billion
people
worldwide.
Excess
body
fat
strongly
excess
energy
intake,
and
most
successful
anti-obesity
medications
(AOMs)
counter
this
positive
balance
through
the
suppression
of
eating
to
drive
weight
loss.
Historically,
AOMs
have
been
characterised
by
modest
loss
side
effects
which
are
compliance-limiting,
in
some
cases
life-threatening.
However,
field
obesity
pharmacotherapy
has
entered
new
era
based
on
analogues
gut
hormone
neuropeptide
glucagon-like
peptide-1
(GLP-1).
The
latest
versions
these
drugs
elicit
unprecedented
levels
clinical
trials,
starting
be
substantiated
real-world
usage.
Notably,
reduce
primarily
reducing
via
activation
GLP-1
receptor
multiple
sites
action
CNS,
although
relevant
action,
neural
circuits
recruited
remain
contentious.
Here
we
provide
targeted
synthesis
recent
developments
neurobiology,
highlighting
studies
advanced
our
understanding
how
signalling
modulates
eating,
identify
open
questions
future
challenges
believe
still
need
addressed
aid
prevention
and/or
treatment
obesity.
Importance
Preclinical,
observational,
and
pharmacoepidemiology
evidence
indicates
that
glucagon-like
peptide
1
receptor
agonists
(GLP-1RAs)
may
reduce
alcohol
intake.
Randomized
trials
are
needed
to
determine
the
clinical
significance
of
these
findings.
Objective
To
evaluate
effects
once-weekly
subcutaneous
semaglutide
on
consumption
craving
in
adults
with
use
disorder
(AUD).
Design,
Setting,
Participants
This
was
a
phase
2,
double-blind,
randomized,
parallel-arm
trial
involving
9
weeks
outpatient
treatment.
Enrollment
occurred
at
an
academic
medical
center
US
from
September
2022
February
2024.
Of
504
potential
participants
assessed,
48
non–treatment-seeking
AUD
were
randomized.
Intervention
received
(0.25
mg/week
for
4
weeks,
0.5
1.0
mg
week)
or
placebo
weekly
clinic
visits.
Main
Outcomes
Measures
The
primary
outcome
laboratory
self-administration,
measured
pretreatment
posttreatment
(0.5
mg/week).
Secondary
exploratory
outcomes,
including
prospective
changes
craving,
assessed
Results
Forty-eight
(34
[71%]
female;
mean
[SD]
age,
39.9
[10.6]
years)
Low-dose
reduced
amount
consumed
during
self-administration
task,
medium
large
effect
sizes
grams
(β,
−0.48;
95%
CI,
−0.85
−0.11;
P
=
.01)
peak
breath
concentration
−0.46;
−0.87
−0.06;
.03).
Semaglutide
treatment
did
not
affect
average
drinks
per
calendar
day
number
drinking
days,
but
significantly
−0.41;
−0.73
−0.09;
.04)
−0.39;
.01),
also
predicting
greater
reductions
heavy
over
time
relative
0.84;
0.71
0.99;
.04).
A
significant
treatment-by-time
interaction
indicated
predicted
cigarettes
subsample
individuals
current
cigarette
−0.10;
−0.16
−0.03;
.005).
Conclusions
Relevance
These
findings
provide
initial
low-dose
can
some
justifying
larger
GLP-1RAs
disorder.
Trial
Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov
Identifier:
NCT05520775
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
311(5), С. 1241 - 1247
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025
Abstract
Purpose
Metabolic
disease,
including
obesity
and
type
2
diabetes,
are
amongst
the
most
significant
health
issues
facing
women
of
reproductive
age.
To
date,
no
antenatal
weight
management
tools
have
reduced
risk
adverse
outcomes
for
with
their
offspring,
resulting
in
a
shift
focus
to
pre-conception
period.
Although
not
yet
recognised
international
guidelines,
glucagon-like
peptide-1
receptor
agonists
(GLP-1
RAs)
being
increasingly
used
prior
conception.
Methods
A
literature
search
PubMed,
Medline,
Embase
databases
identified
relevant
articles
describing
use
GLP-1
RAs
during
pregnancy.
Papers
were
selected
based
on
relevance
originality,
clinical
trials,
large
observational
studies
meta-analyses
preferentially
included.
Results
This
narrative
review
summarises
mechanism
action
effects
observed
non-pregnant
adults.
It
synthesises
available
data
from
human
animal
regarding
safety
efficacy
pregnancy,
consequences
inadvertent
drug
exposure
early
In
considering
need
balance
risks
metabolic
disease
posed
by
exposure,
it
highlights
areas
where
further
research
is
needed
guide
decision-making.
Conclusion
may
role
facilitating
loss
improving
However,
there
currently
insufficient
evidence
demonstrate
that
this
class
drugs
pregnancy
improves
outcomes.
Efpeglenatide,
a
novel
long-acting
glucagon-like
peptide-1
receptor
agonist
(GLP-1
RA),
shows
promise
for
the
treatment
of
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
and
obesity.
This
systematic
review
evaluated
efficacy
safety
efpeglenatide
in
patients
with
T2DM
Literature
searches
PubMed,
Scopus,
Web
Science
focused
on
randomized
controlled
trials
(RCTs),
cohort
studies,
case-control
longitudinal
observational
studies
from
2019
to
2024.
Eight
met
inclusion
criteria.
The
findings
these
consistently
indicate
that
significantly
reduces
hemoglobin
A1C
(HbA1C),
fasting
plasma
glucose
(FPG),
body
weight
Once-weekly
dosing
offers
convenient
alternative
daily
GLP-1
RAs
potentially
improves
adherence.
Efpeglenatide
also
provides
cardiovascular
renal
benefits,
particularly
high-risk
patients,
thus
providing
comprehensive
option.
profile
is
similar
other
RAs,
mild-to-moderate
gastrointestinal
side
effects
being
most
common
low
risk
hypoglycemia,
especially
not
using
insulin
or
sulfonylureas.
Most
show
bias
enhanced
reliability.
However,
limitations
include
need
long-term
data
variations
study
design.
Future
research
should
focus
outcomes,
safety,
improvements
quality
life
fully
assess
benefits
efpeglenatide.
In
conclusion,
promising
obesity,
offering
effective
glycemic
control,
reduction,
favorable
profile,
dosing.
